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bio chemistry Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

organic vs inorganic compounds

A

organic compounds - hydrocarbons that contain hydrogen AND carbon
inorganic compounds - compounds that do not contain hydrogen and carbon together

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2
Q

formula for carbohydrates

A

CH2O

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3
Q

formula for glucose

A

C6H12O6

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4
Q

4 organic compounds

A
  1. carbs
  2. proteins
  3. lipids
  4. nucleid acid
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5
Q

4 most common elements of earth (chon)

A
  1. carbon
  2. hydrogen
  3. oxygen
  4. nitrogen
    (iodine)
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6
Q

4 reasons why water is the most important inorganic compound

A
  1. our body composition is made up of 85% water
  2. where most chemical reactions take place
  3. keeps us at homeostasis
  4. best for solvent molecules
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7
Q

true or false most organisms contain both organic and inorganic compounds

A

true

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8
Q

proteins, starches, and DNA are all what

A

organic compounds

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9
Q

what are carbohydrates made up of

A

sugar compounds made up of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen

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10
Q

what are the ratio of carbohydrates

A

1 carbon, 2 hydrogen, 1 oxygen (1:2:1)

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11
Q

define disaccharides + 3 examples

A

2 sugars molecules together (maltose, lactose, trehalose)

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12
Q

define polysaccharides + 3 examples

A

more than two sugars together (Starch, cellulose, glycogen)

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13
Q

define monosaccharide + examples 3

A

one sugar (fructose, galactose, xylose)

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14
Q

what process put two sugars together by removing a water molecule

A

dehydration synthesis

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15
Q

dehydration synthesis equation

A

C6H1206(glucose)+C12H22O11+H20

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16
Q

in dehydration synthesis, the h20 will always be on the

A

right side

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17
Q

anything that ends with an ase is

A

an enzyme needed to start a chemistry reaction

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18
Q

anything that ends with an ose

A

carbohydrate

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19
Q

hydrolysis of a maltose

A

C12H220+H20 –> C6H106+ C6H1206

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20
Q

where is the energy usually stored in a molecule

A

the bonds between the atoms

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21
Q

the glucose molecules are the building blocks of what class macromolecules

A

carbohydrates

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22
Q

can you picture the structure of a carbohydrate

A

if not look over and press 1
https://www.google.com/search?q=structure+of+a+carbo&rlz=1CATRYQ_enUS1126&oq=structure+of+a+carbo&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIHCAEQABiABDIHCAIQABiABDIHCAMQABiABDIHCAQQABiABDIHCAUQABiABDIHCAYQABiABDIHCAcQABiABDIHCAgQABiABDIHCAkQABiABNIBCDI1NzJqMGo5qAIAsAIA&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&safe=active&ssui=on

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23
Q

can you picture the structure of a lipid

A

if not look over it and press 1
https://www.google.com/search?q=lipids+structure&sca_esv=c64f92f75d6f9f24&rlz=1CATRYQ_enUS1126&udm=2&biw=1300&bih=699&ei=Zoc-Z_bELMimptQP-7yGoAY&ved=0ahUKEwj2j73sneyJAxVIk4kEHXueAWQQ4dUDCBA&uact=5&oq=lipids+structure&gs_lp=EgNpbWciEGxpcGlkcyBzdHJ1Y3R1cmUyCBAAGIAEGLEDMgUQABiABDIFEAAYgAQyBRAAGIAEMgUQABiABDIFEAAYgAQyBRAAGIAEMgUQABiABDIFEAAYgAQyBRAAGIAESMoaUJ8CWIkacAJ4AJABAJgBugGgAeYFqgEEMTAuMbgBA8gBAPgBAZgCDaACzwbCAg0QABiABBixAxhDGIoFwgIGEAAYBxgewgIKEAAYgAQYQxiKBcICBxAAGIAEGAqYAwCIBgGSBwQxMi4xoAfrOg&sclient=img&safe=active&ssui=on#vhid=siosuKH1YbZf0M&vssid=mosaic

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24
Q

can you picture the structure of an amino acid

A

yes or no

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25
Q

can the picture the structure of a dipeptide

A

yes or no

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26
Q

chemical formula for a carbohydrate

A

C12H22011

27
Q

can you picture the structure of a glucose

A

yay or nay

28
Q

plants store energy such as

A

starch

29
Q

animals store energy such a as

A

glycogen

30
Q

plants cell wall are made up of

A

cellulose

31
Q

3 reasons why plants use glucose

A

starch synthesis
synthesis fat
production of energy

32
Q

how to make lipids

A

3 fatty acids + 1 glycerol

33
Q

can you identify the structure of a glycerol and a fattty acid?

A

yes or no

34
Q

saturated fats

A

solid lipids, fats, and waxes (no double bnds can lead to high levels of cholorestrol)

35
Q

unsaturated fats

A

liquid like oils (has at least one double bond)

36
Q

what is an cholesterol

A

a compound found in animals that builds up deposits and harden narrow arteries

37
Q

what is the major component of major plasma membranes

A

lipids

38
Q

more energy can be release from a fat molecule than from a glucose molecules because the fact molecule contains more

A

chemical bonds

39
Q

amino acids

A

building structures that make up proteins

40
Q

amino acids consists of

A

carbon, carboxyl group, amino group, hydrogen

41
Q

can you identify a carboxyl group structure

A

yes or no

42
Q

can you identify a amino group structure

A

yes or no

43
Q

what is a peptide

A

two amino acids together

44
Q

what is a dipeptide

A

two amino acids bonded together

45
Q

what is a poly peptide

A

3 or more amino acids together

46
Q

what is a peptide bond

A

the lines between the peptides that bond the dipeptides together

47
Q

all proteins are considered

A

POLYPEPTIDES

48
Q

3 main types of proteins

A
  1. enzymes
  2. hormones
  3. antibodies
49
Q

the order or arrangement of the amino acid chain gives it a different shape, shape determines the amino acid’s…….

A

function

50
Q

how many amino acids are in our bodies

A

20

51
Q

what are enzymes

A

protein starters (catalysts) thats needed for chemical reactions to occur

52
Q

can enzymes be used over and over again

A

yyes

53
Q

what is an active site

A

the part of the enzyme that does the work (the ridged section of a key)

54
Q

what do enzymes work on

A

substrates

55
Q

substrate

A

a surface or material that the organism grows/lives (enyzymes reference)

56
Q

enzyme-substrate complex can also be known as the

A

lock and key theory, puzzle piece theory,4

57
Q

4 factors that affect the enzymes actions

A
  1. temperature
  2. pH
  3. substance
  4. co enzymes
58
Q

what is denaturation

A

when an enzyme becomes too hot it changes its shape and doesn’t fit the substrate

59
Q

what are co enzymes

A

not enzymes but helper for the enzymes to perform their function

60
Q

examples of macro molecules (4)

A

lipids proteins carbs nucleid acids

61
Q

3 enzymes examples

A

maltase, lipase, protease

62
Q

what substance found in the cytoplasm of an ameba is an organic compound

A

water

63
Q

is iodine the smallest

A

biology (5 decks)

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