Bio Chapter 3 - Biological Molecules Flashcards
Why do all lining organisms need food and water?
Contains nutrients essential for us
What are the 6 functions of water
Dissolves substances for chemical reactions that take place in living things. Essential for photosynthesis. Keeps cells turgid and firm. Transport mineral salts.regulate body. Transport dissolved substances within the body.
Describe sugars
Sweet. Soluble in water → lower water potential of the solution.
Give the three classifications of carbohydrates
Single sugars, double sugars and complex carbohydrates
What are the two single sugars?
Glucose and fructose
What are the two double sugars?
Maltose and sucrose
What are the three complex carbs?
Starch, cellulose, glycogen
Describe single sugars
Basic unit of carbs, can pass through cell membranes and can be absorbed into cells
Describe double sugars
Formed when two single sugars are joined together
What’s the structure of maltose?
Glucose + glucose
What is the structure of sucrose?
Glucose + fructose
What is the structure of starch
Made up of several thousand glucose molecules joined together
What is the role of starch?
Stores carbohydrates in plants. in humans, it is digested into glucose to provide energy for cell activity
Where is starch found?
Storage organs of plants
What is the structure of cellulose?
Made up of many glucose molecules joined together bonded differently from starch