Bio Chapter 1 - Cell Structure and Organisation Flashcards
What are cells
Cells are the building blocks of life
what are the use of protoplasms
where many chemical activities that allow cell survival occur
what is the appearance of protoplasms
complex jelly-like substance
what are the steps of chemical reactions that occur in cells to keep you alive
a cell takes in raw materials
it processses these materials to make new molecules
molecules produced can either be used by the cell or transported to other parts of the body
name two types of microscopes
light and electron
what is the use of micrographs
takes pictures of what is seen on the microscope
what images do different microscopes take depending on microscope
light microscopes take coloured images
electron microscopes take black and white pictures
how much can different microscopes magnify
light microscopes up to 1000x
electron microscopes up to 200 000x
name the parts of a typical animal cell
vacuoles
cell membrane
chromosome
nuclear membrane
cytoplasm
mitochondrion
nucleus
ribosome
name the parts of a leaf cell
vacuoles
cell membrane
chromosome
nuclear membrane
cytoplasm
mitochondrion
nucleus
ribosome
cell wall
chloroplasts
what is an organelle
a cellular structure that performs a specific job within a cell
name 5 organelles
mitochondrion
nucleus
ribosome
vacuole
chloroplasts
what parts of a plant cell are absent in a typical animal cell
chloroplasts and cell wall
what is the function of the cell membrane
controls movement of substances in and out of the cell through the partially permeable membrane
what are the functions of cell wall
protects the cell from injury
gives the cell its shape
what is the function of the cytoplasm
most cell activities occur in the cytoplasm
what are the two cell parts in the nucleus
nuclear membrane
chromosomes
what are the three functions of the nucleus
contains genetic info in the form of chromosomes
controls cell activities
needed for cell division
what are chromosomes made of
dna coiled around proteins that store hereditary info
what is the function of chromosome
controls cell activities
what is the function of the nuclear membrane
separates the content of the nucleus from the rest of the cytoplasm
what is the function of vacuoles
stores substances within the cell
what is the function of mitochondria
where aerobic respiration occurs
what is aerobic respiration
breaks down glucose in presence of oxygen to release energy for cell activity
what is the function of ribosome
synthesises protein in the cell
what is the function of chloroplasts
contains chlorophyll thats essential for photosynthesis
what is differentiation
the process where a cell becomes specialised for a specific function
what are the 4 adaptations of red blood cells and explain them
contains haemoglobin which binds oxygen and transports it
has biconcave shape which increases surface area to volume ratio so that oxygen diffuses faster
absent nucleus so that the cell can store more haemoglobin
flexible for easy transport through capillaries
state and explain the three adaptations of a muscle cell
has mitochondria to provide the energy for the contraction of the muscle cell
has contractile protein fibres to contract and relax the cell to bring about movement
has many nuclei for cell division
state and explain the two adaptation of the root hair cell
has a long and narrow root hair to increase area to volume ratio to absorb mineral salts and water at a higher rate
mantains lower water potential in vacuole allows water to enter the root hair cell via osmosis
