BIO CHAPTER 10 Flashcards
1) Which of the following statements regarding viruses is false?
A) A virus is generally considered to be alive because it is cellular and can reproduce on its own.
B) The host cell provides most of the tools and raw materials for viral multiplication.
C) Once a person is infected with the herpesvirus, the virus remains permanently latent in the body.
D) Viruses can enter a host cell when the protein molecules on the outside of the virus fit into receptor molecules on the
outside of the cell.
E) Herpesviruses and the virus that causes AIDS can remain latent inside our cells for long periods of time.
A) A virus is generally considered to be alive because it is cellular and can reproduce on its own.
2) Which of the following people conducted the experiments that demonstrated that DNA is the genetic material of bacteriophages? A) Watson and Crick B) Hershey and Chase C) Franklin D) Griffith E) Pauling
B) Hershey and Chase
3) One type of virus that infects bacteria is called a A) phage. B) mage. C) rhinovirus. D) filovirus. E) coronavirus.
A) phage.
4) When a T2 bacteriophage infects an Escherichia coli cell, which part of the phage enters the bacterial cytoplasm?
A) the whole phage
B) only the RNA
C) only the DNA
D) the protein “headpiece” and its enclosed nucleic acid
E) the tail fibers
C) only the DNA
5) The way that genetic material of a bacteriophage enters a bacterium is most like the way that
A) a drug is injected with a hypodermic needle.
B) a person swallows a pill.
C) skin lotion is rubbed onto the hands.
D) sugar dissolves in water.
E) water soaks into a sponge.
A) a drug is injected with a hypodermic needle.
6) The monomers of DNA and RNA are A) amino acids. B) monosaccharides. C) nucleotides. D) fatty acids. E) nucleic acids.
C) nucleotides.
7) Which of the following statements regarding DNA is false?
A) DNA uses the sugar deoxyribose.
B) DNA uses the nitrogenous base uracil.
C) DNA is a nucleic acid.
D) One DNA molecule can include four different nucleotides in its structure.
E) DNA molecules have a sugar-phosphate backbone.
B) DNA uses the nitrogenous base uracil.
8) Which of the following statements regarding RNA is false?
A) RNA uses the sugar dextrose.
B) RNA uses the nitrogenous base uracil.
C) RNA is a nucleic acid.
D) One RNA molecule can include four different nucleotides in its structure.
E) RNA molecules have a sugar-phosphate backbone.
A) RNA uses the sugar dextrose.
9) Which of the following statements regarding the structure of DNA is false?
A) The DNA molecule has a uniform diameter.
B) In a DNA molecule, adenine bonds to thymine and guanine to cytosine.
C) The DNA molecule is in the form of a double helix.
D) Watson and Crick received a Nobel Prize for their description of the structure of DNA.
E) The sequence of nucleotides along the length of a DNA strand is restricted by the base-pairing rules.
E) The sequence of nucleotides along the length of a DNA strand is restricted by the base-pairing rules.
10) How would the shape of a DNA molecule change if adenine paired with guanine and cytosine paired with thymine?
A) The DNA molecule would be longer.
B) The DNA molecule would be shorter.
C) The DNA molecule would be circular.
D) The DNA molecule would have regions where no base-pairing would occur.
E) The DNA molecule would have irregular widths along its length
E) The DNA molecule would have irregular widths along its length
11) The shape of a DNA molecule is most like A) a set of railroad tracks. B) a diamond ring. C) a twisted rope ladder. D) a gold necklace. E) the letter X.
C) a twisted rope ladder.
12) Which of the following statements regarding a DNA double helix is always true?
A) The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of uracil, and the amount of guanine is equal to the amount of cytosine.
B) The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine is equal to the amount of uracil.
C) The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of guanine, and the amount of thymine is equal to the amount of
cytosine.
D) The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of cytosine, and the amount of guanine is equal to the amount of
thymine.
E) The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine is equal to the amount of
cytosine.
E) The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine is equal to the amount of
cytosine.
13) DNA replication
A) occurs through the addition of nucleotides to the end of the DNA molecule.
B) results in the formation of four new DNA strands.
C) produces two daughter DNA molecules that are complementary to each other.
D) uses each strand of a DNA molecule as a template for the creation of a new strand.
E) begins when two DNA molecules join together to exchange segments.
D) uses each strand of a DNA molecule as a template for the creation of a new strand.
14) If one strand of DNA is CGGTAC, the corresponding strand would be A) GCCTAG. B) CGGTAC. C) GCCAUC. D) TAACGT. E) GCCATG.
E) GCCATG.
15) The copying mechanism of DNA is most like
A) using a photographic negative to make a positive image.
B) mixing flour, sugar, and water to make bread dough.
C) joining together links to make a chain.
D) carving a figure out of wood.
E) threading beads onto a string.
A) using a photographic negative to make a positive image.
16) When one DNA molecule is copied to make two DNA molecules, the new DNA contains A) none of the parent DNA. B) 25% of the parent DNA. C) 50% of the parent DNA. D) 75% of the parent DNA. E) 100% of the parent DNA
C) 50% of the parent DNA.
17) Multiple origins of replication on the DNA molecules of eukaryotic cells serve to
A) remove errors in DNA replication.
B) create multiple copies of the DNA molecule at the same time.
C) shorten the time necessary for DNA replication.
D) reduce the number of “bubbles” that occur in the DNA molecule during replication.
E) assure the correct orientation of the two strands in the newly growing double helix.
C) shorten the time necessary for DNA replication.
Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the elongation of a new DNA strand? A) helicase B) primase C) ligase D) single-stranded binding protein E) DNA polymerase
E) DNA polymerase
Why does a DNA strand grow only in the 5’ to 3’ direction?
A) because DNA polymerases can only add nucleotides to the 3’ end of the growing molecule
B) because DNA polymerases can only add nucleotides to the 5’ end of the growing molecule
C) because mRNA can only read a DNA molecule in the 5’ to 3’ direction
D) because the DNA molecule only unwinds in the 5’ to 3’ direction
E) because DNA polymerase requires the addition of a starter nucleotide at the 5’ end
A) because DNA polymerases can only add nucleotides to the 3’ end of the growing molecule
Which of the following options best depicts the flow of information when a gene directs the synthesis of a cellular component? A) RNA → DNA → RNA → protein B) DNA → RNA → protein C) protein → RNA → DNA D) DNA → amino acid → RNA → protein E) DNA → tRNA → mRNA → protein
B) DNA → RNA → protein
The transfer of genetic information from DNA to RNA is called A) translation. B) transcription. C) initiation. D) elongation. E) promotion.
B) transcription.
The “one gene-one polypeptide” theory states that
A) the synthesis of each gene is catalyzed by one specific enzyme.
B) the synthesis of each enzyme is catalyzed by one specific gene.
C) the function of an individual gene is to dictate the production of a specific polypeptide.
D) each polypeptide catalyzes a specific reaction.
E) the function of each polypeptide is to regulate the synthesis of each corresponding gene.
C) the function of an individual gene is to dictate the production of a specific polypeptide.
Experiments have demonstrated that the “words” of the genetic code (the units that specify amino acids) are
A) single nucleotides.
B) two-nucleotide sequences.
C) three-nucleotide sequences.
D) nucleotide sequences of various lengths.
E) enzymes.
C) three-nucleotide sequences.
The directions for each amino acid in a polypeptide are indicated by a codon that consists of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ nucleotide(s) in an RNA molecule. A) 5 B) 4 C) 3 D) 2 E) 1
C) 3
We would expect that a 15-nucleotide sequence will direct the production of a polypeptide that consists of A) 2 amino acids. B) 3 amino acids. C) 4 amino acids. D) 5 amino acids. E) 6 amino acids.
C) 4 amino acids.
A base substitution mutation in a gene does not always result in a different protein. Which of the following factors could account for this?
A) the fact that the mutation affects only the sequence of the protein’s amino acids, so the protein stays the same
B) the double-ring structure of adenine and guanine
C) a correcting mechanism that is part of the mRNA molecule
D) the fact that such mutations are usually accompanied by a complementary deletion
E) the fact that some amino acids are specified from more than one codon
E) the fact that some amino acids are specified from more than one codon
Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the linking together of RNA nucleotides to form RNA? A) RNA polymerase B) RNA ligase C) a ribozyme D) reverse transcriptase E) tRNA
A) RNA polymerase
Which of the following occurs when RNA polymerase attaches to the promoter DNA?
A) elongation of the growing RNA molecule
B) termination of the RNA molecule
C) addition of nucleotides to the DNA template
D) initiation of a new RNA molecule
E) initiation of a new polypeptide chain
D) initiation of a new RNA molecule
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ marks the end of a gene and causes transcription to stop. A) RNA polymerase B) RNA ligase C) A terminator D) Reverse transcriptase E) Methionine
C) A terminator