bio chap 7 Flashcards
the chemical bonds of carbohydrates and lipids have high potential energy because
their electrons are far away from the nuclei of the atoms
FALSE things about aerobic respiration
- aerobic respiration requires oxygen at every stage
- aerobic resp is carried out by all Prokaryote, Eukaryotes
- Aerobic resp is a 3-step process, with oxidative phoshporylation the last stage
- carbon dioxide is produced at every stage of aerobic respiration
The electron transport chain is part of
oxidative phosphorylation
The inputs to glycolysis DO NOT INCLUDE Pi Glucose NAD+ ADP NADH
NADH
oxidation is the gain of electrons
FALSE; reduction is the gain
After acetyl-CoA synthesi, the chemical energy of how many carbons of the original glucose molecule will be converted to chemical energy in the form of ATP in the remaining steps of aerobic respiration?
4
What statement is true regarding acetyl-CoA syntheis
acetyl-CoA synthesis forms the same number of NADH (per glucose molecule) as glucose
In a plant cell, all stages of cellular respiration are carried out in the cytoplasm TRUE/FALSE
FALSE, they occur in the mitochondrion
Acetyl-CoA synthesis is remarkably similiar to glycolysis in that when 1 molecule of pyruvate enters into the mitochondrion, two molecules of acetyl-CoA are formed
FALSE, i think only 1 molecule is formed
Phosphorylating glucose during phase 1 of glycolysis:
destabilizes the glucose molecule so that it can be broken down in step 2
How did the earliest organisms on Earth most likely produce ATP?
Glycolysis
The 1st phase of glycolysis requires the input of two ATP molecules. It is therefore:::
Endergonic
In the first three stages of cellular respiration, the chemical energy in glucose is transferred to:
ATP, and electron carriers
The second phase of glycolysis
cleaves a phophorylated sugar molecule and rearranges the products
During acetyl-CoA synthesis, pyruvate is broken down into CO2 and an acetyl group. The CO2 is:
less energetic than the acetyl group
In cellular respiration, oxygen:
gains electrons and is an oxidizing agent
What is true of the following statements is true regarding the Equation C6H12O6
The oxygen atoms in both CO2 and H20 are electronegative, and glucose could be considered a reducing agent
The majority of ATP produced during acetyl-CoA synthesis is the result of substrate level phosphorylation
FALSE:::substrate level ATP=4
Oxidative Phosphorylation ATP= 28
In what organelle is acetyl-CoA synthesis carried out in a cell
mitochondrion
During acetyl-CoA, pyruvate;
oxidized, loses electrons, probably to the electron chain
acetyl-CoA synthesis is an important step in cellular respiration because
it links glycolysis with aerobic respiration
Which of the following statements is true regarding a reducing agent
oxidation-reducing agent
reduction—oxidizing agent
(it loses electrons)
Imagine that a eukaryotic cell carries a mutation impairing its ability to phosphorylate glucose during glycolysis. What is a likely result of this mutation
glucose could move out of the cell, slowing cellular respiration
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex plays a role in which of the following (a) formation of NADH
(b) oxidation of pyruvate
(c) formation of acetyl-CoA
(d) formation of CO2
All options are correct
In eukaryotes, acetyl-CoA synthesis takes place in the:
mitochondrial matrix
In cellular respiration, glucose is…. to CO2 and oxygen is….to water
oxidized, reduced
Imagine that you notice rust has formed on the frame of your bicycle . How would this have happened
The iron in your bicycle frame was oxidized and lost electrons
Like gylcolysis, acetyl-CoA synthesis produces both pyruvate and acetyl-CoA. These two products feed directly into the citric cycle and are the reactants for this process
FALSE
What is excess glucose stored as in animals
glycogen
How is excess glucose stored in plants
starch
4 steps of cellular respiration
1) glycolysis
2) pyruvate oxidation + acetyl-CoA synthesis
3) citric acid cycle
4) oxidative phosphorylation
Chemical bonds of sugar molecules like glucose have high potential energy because the electrons that are shared by neighboring atoms are on average FAR FROM THE NUCLEUS
.
gycolysis
series of 10rx
*for each molecule of glucose consumed during gylcolysis, a net gain of
2 molecules of ATP
2 molecules of NADH
When a single pyruvate molecule is converted to acetyl-CoA, the other products of the reaction are:
NADH, CO2
Which of the following best describe how ATP synthase converts the potential energy of the proton gradient to the chemical energy of ATP
kinetic energy from the flow of protons is converted to the kinetic energy of rotation of the F0 subunit: this is transferred to the F1 subunit and used to catalyze ATP synthesis
A single molecule of glucose requires “turns” through the citric acid cycle for its chemical energy to be completely harvested
2
Phosphorylating glucose during phase 1 of glycolysis
destabilizing the glucose molecule so that it can be broken down in stage 2
ATP is NOT generated directly in the citric acid cycle instead, an intermediate is first generated by substrate level phosphorylation. The intermediate is:
GTP
During the citric acid cycle, the production of CO2 is a(n) reaction coupled to the production of
oxidation, NADH
Coenzyme Q and cytochrome C:
transfer high-energy electrons between protein complexes of the electron transport chain
excess glucose is stored in large branched molecules of
glycogen in animals, and starch in plants
The citric acid cycle takes place in the:
mitchondrial matrix
During the citric acid cycle:
ATP is synthesized by substrate level phosphorylation
Lactic acid and ethanol fermentation differ in that:
ethanol fermentation produces CO2, but lactic acid fermentation does not
The………..forms of the electron carriers NAD+/NADH and FADH/FADH2 have high potential energy
reduced
In gylcolysis, ATP is synthesized via:
substrate level and oxidative phosphorylation
Which of the following is NOT one of the net Final products of glycolysis
two molecules of pyruvate
We can tell from their structure that fatty acids are a good source of energy because….
the large number of carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds they contain
After acetyl-CoA synthesis, the chemical energy of how many carbons of the original glucose molecule will be converted to chemical energy in the form of ATP in the remaining steps of aerobic respiration
4
During a long bout of sustained exercise, in which order will your body’s energy stores/sources be used
ATP in muscle, glycogen stored in muscle, glycogen stored in liver, and fatty acids
Due to the pumping action of the electron transport chain, protons have a high concentration in the…….. and a low concentration in the……
intermediate space, mitochondrial matrix
The majority of energy generated in the citric acid cycle is in the form of
energy electrons donated to NAD+, and FADH
Which of the following correctly characterizes the F1 subunit of ATP synthase
H is the catalytic unit that synthesizes ATP
The inputs do not include
NADH
the enzyme phosphofructokinase - 1 (pfk-1) is thought of as a metablic (valve) that regulates the rate of glycolysis. Which of the following correctly identitifies its allosteric activators and inhibitors and their actions
ADP====Activator Citrate====inhibitor
