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Biology 1 > bio chap 7 > Flashcards

bio chap 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

the chemical bonds of carbohydrates and lipids have high potential energy because

A

their electrons are far away from the nuclei of the atoms

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2
Q

FALSE things about aerobic respiration

A
  • aerobic respiration requires oxygen at every stage
  • aerobic resp is carried out by all Prokaryote, Eukaryotes
  • Aerobic resp is a 3-step process, with oxidative phoshporylation the last stage
  • carbon dioxide is produced at every stage of aerobic respiration
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3
Q

The electron transport chain is part of

A

oxidative phosphorylation

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4
Q 
The inputs to glycolysis DO NOT INCLUDE
Pi
Glucose
NAD+
ADP
NADH
A

NADH

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5
Q

oxidation is the gain of electrons

A

FALSE; reduction is the gain

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6
Q

After acetyl-CoA synthesi, the chemical energy of how many carbons of the original glucose molecule will be converted to chemical energy in the form of ATP in the remaining steps of aerobic respiration?

A

4

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7
Q

What statement is true regarding acetyl-CoA syntheis

A

acetyl-CoA synthesis forms the same number of NADH (per glucose molecule) as glucose

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8
Q

In a plant cell, all stages of cellular respiration are carried out in the cytoplasm TRUE/FALSE

A

FALSE, they occur in the mitochondrion

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9
Q

Acetyl-CoA synthesis is remarkably similiar to glycolysis in that when 1 molecule of pyruvate enters into the mitochondrion, two molecules of acetyl-CoA are formed

A

FALSE, i think only 1 molecule is formed

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10
Q

Phosphorylating glucose during phase 1 of glycolysis:

A

destabilizes the glucose molecule so that it can be broken down in step 2

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11
Q

How did the earliest organisms on Earth most likely produce ATP?

A

Glycolysis

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12
Q

The 1st phase of glycolysis requires the input of two ATP molecules. It is therefore:::

A

Endergonic

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13
Q

In the first three stages of cellular respiration, the chemical energy in glucose is transferred to:

A

ATP, and electron carriers

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14
Q

The second phase of glycolysis

A

cleaves a phophorylated sugar molecule and rearranges the products

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15
Q

During acetyl-CoA synthesis, pyruvate is broken down into CO2 and an acetyl group. The CO2 is:

A

less energetic than the acetyl group

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16
Q

In cellular respiration, oxygen:

A

gains electrons and is an oxidizing agent

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17
Q

What is true of the following statements is true regarding the Equation C6H12O6

A

The oxygen atoms in both CO2 and H20 are electronegative, and glucose could be considered a reducing agent

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18
Q

The majority of ATP produced during acetyl-CoA synthesis is the result of substrate level phosphorylation

A

FALSE:::substrate level ATP=4

Oxidative Phosphorylation ATP= 28

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19
Q

In what organelle is acetyl-CoA synthesis carried out in a cell

A

mitochondrion

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20
Q

During acetyl-CoA, pyruvate;

A

oxidized, loses electrons, probably to the electron chain

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21
Q

acetyl-CoA synthesis is an important step in cellular respiration because

A

it links glycolysis with aerobic respiration

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22
Q

Which of the following statements is true regarding a reducing agent

A

oxidation-reducing agent
reduction—oxidizing agent
(it loses electrons)

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23
Q

Imagine that a eukaryotic cell carries a mutation impairing its ability to phosphorylate glucose during glycolysis. What is a likely result of this mutation

A

glucose could move out of the cell, slowing cellular respiration

24
Q

The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex plays a role in which of the following (a) formation of NADH

(b) oxidation of pyruvate
(c) formation of acetyl-CoA
(d) formation of CO2

A

All options are correct

25
Q

In eukaryotes, acetyl-CoA synthesis takes place in the:

A

mitochondrial matrix

26
Q

In cellular respiration, glucose is…. to CO2 and oxygen is….to water

A

oxidized, reduced

27
Q

Imagine that you notice rust has formed on the frame of your bicycle . How would this have happened

A

The iron in your bicycle frame was oxidized and lost electrons

28
Q

Like gylcolysis, acetyl-CoA synthesis produces both pyruvate and acetyl-CoA. These two products feed directly into the citric cycle and are the reactants for this process

A

FALSE

29
Q

What is excess glucose stored as in animals

A

glycogen

30
Q

How is excess glucose stored in plants

A

starch

31
Q

4 steps of cellular respiration

A

1) glycolysis
2) pyruvate oxidation + acetyl-CoA synthesis
3) citric acid cycle
4) oxidative phosphorylation

32
Q

Chemical bonds of sugar molecules like glucose have high potential energy because the electrons that are shared by neighboring atoms are on average FAR FROM THE NUCLEUS

A

.

33
Q

gycolysis

A

series of 10rx
*for each molecule of glucose consumed during gylcolysis, a net gain of
2 molecules of ATP
2 molecules of NADH

34
Q

When a single pyruvate molecule is converted to acetyl-CoA, the other products of the reaction are:

A

NADH, CO2

35
Q

Which of the following best describe how ATP synthase converts the potential energy of the proton gradient to the chemical energy of ATP

A

kinetic energy from the flow of protons is converted to the kinetic energy of rotation of the F0 subunit: this is transferred to the F1 subunit and used to catalyze ATP synthesis

36
Q

A single molecule of glucose requires “turns” through the citric acid cycle for its chemical energy to be completely harvested

A

2

37
Q

Phosphorylating glucose during phase 1 of glycolysis

A

destabilizing the glucose molecule so that it can be broken down in stage 2

38
Q

ATP is NOT generated directly in the citric acid cycle instead, an intermediate is first generated by substrate level phosphorylation. The intermediate is:

A

GTP

39
Q

During the citric acid cycle, the production of CO2 is a(n) reaction coupled to the production of

A

oxidation, NADH

40
Q

Coenzyme Q and cytochrome C:

A

transfer high-energy electrons between protein complexes of the electron transport chain

41
Q

excess glucose is stored in large branched molecules of

A

glycogen in animals, and starch in plants

42
Q

The citric acid cycle takes place in the:

A

mitchondrial matrix

43
Q

During the citric acid cycle:

A

ATP is synthesized by substrate level phosphorylation

44
Q

Lactic acid and ethanol fermentation differ in that:

A

ethanol fermentation produces CO2, but lactic acid fermentation does not

45
Q

The………..forms of the electron carriers NAD+/NADH and FADH/FADH2 have high potential energy

A

reduced

46
Q

In gylcolysis, ATP is synthesized via:

A

substrate level and oxidative phosphorylation

47
Q

Which of the following is NOT one of the net Final products of glycolysis

A

two molecules of pyruvate

48
Q

We can tell from their structure that fatty acids are a good source of energy because….

A

the large number of carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds they contain

49
Q

After acetyl-CoA synthesis, the chemical energy of how many carbons of the original glucose molecule will be converted to chemical energy in the form of ATP in the remaining steps of aerobic respiration

A

4

50
Q

During a long bout of sustained exercise, in which order will your body’s energy stores/sources be used

A

ATP in muscle, glycogen stored in muscle, glycogen stored in liver, and fatty acids

51
Q

Due to the pumping action of the electron transport chain, protons have a high concentration in the…….. and a low concentration in the……

A

intermediate space, mitochondrial matrix

52
Q

The majority of energy generated in the citric acid cycle is in the form of

A

energy electrons donated to NAD+, and FADH

53
Q

Which of the following correctly characterizes the F1 subunit of ATP synthase

A

H is the catalytic unit that synthesizes ATP

54
Q

The inputs do not include

A

NADH

55
Q

the enzyme phosphofructokinase - 1 (pfk-1) is thought of as a metablic (valve) that regulates the rate of glycolysis. Which of the following correctly identitifies its allosteric activators and inhibitors and their actions

A

ADP====Activator Citrate====inhibitor

Biology 1 (23 decks)

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