bio #5 Flashcards by Ava Murray

Which of the following is a post-zygotic mechanism of reproductive isolation?

A. Ecological Isolation
B. Behavioral Isolation
C. Zygote Mortality
D. Temporal Isolation

Zygote Mortality

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Which of the following is NOT a pre-zygotic mechanism of reproductive isolation?

A. Ecological isolation
B. Hybrid sterility
C. Temporal isolation
D. Mechanical isolation

Hybrid sterility

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Speciation requires which of the following?

A. Natural Selection
B. Reproductive Isolation
C. Geographic Separation
D. Temporal Isolation

Reproductive Isolation

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______ speciation occurs in the same geographic area.

A. Allopatric
B. Sympatric
C. Reproductive
D. Mass

Sympatric

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A fork shaped graph that shows bursts of great evolutionary change occurring over very short time intervals is an example of ___.

A. Gradualism
B. Punctuated Equilibrium
C. Reproductive Isolation
D. Speciation

Punctuated Equilibrium

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___ is small changes that accumulate over thousands/millions of years.

Gradualism

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Describe the speed of speciation in punctuated equilibrium compared to gradualism

(Faster, slower, same)

Faster

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There have been ____ major mass extinction in the history of life on Earth.

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Which of the following taxonomic groupings is the most inclusive (i.e. contains the greatest number of species)?

A. Genus
B. Order
C. Class
D. Family

Class

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The three Domains of life include all of the following EXCEPT:

A. Protista
B. Bacteria
C. Archaea
D. Eukarya

Protista

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Which of the following is a prokaryote?

A. Protists
B. Bacteria
C. Plants
D. Fungi

Bacteria

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Jelly fish are included in the phylum:

A. Porifera
B. Cnidaria
C. Arthropoda
D. Chordata

Cnidaria

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Human activity is currently causing a ___ mass extinction.

6th

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Which of the following places the levels of biological organization in the correct order (simplest to most complex)?

A. Organisms, population, ecosystem, community
B. Organisms, population, community, ecosystem
C. Population, ecosystem, community, species
D. Population, community, ecosystem, species

Organisms, population, community, ecosystem

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Which of the following levels of biological organization involves the study of living organisms interacting with each other AND their physical environment?

A. Organism
B. Populations
C. Community
D. Ecosystem

Ecosystem

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Describe the rate of reproduction for a species with high biotic potential compared to low biotic potential.

(Higher, Lower, Same)

Higher

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Which of the following species would be most likely to exhibit an exponential growth curve?

A. Hippos
B. Horses
C. Humans
D. House flies

House Files

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In a shrinking population, the number of ___ outnumbers ___.

A. Pre-reproductive, Post-reproductive
B. Pre-reproductive, Reproductive
C. Reproductive, Pre-reproductive
D. Post-reproductive, Pre-reproductive

Post-reproductive, Pre-reproductive

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If the birth rate in a population increases, and the death rate decreases, then the population is likely to ___.

(Grow, Shrink, Stay the same)

Grow

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An increase in which of the following would likely lead to a decease in human populations.

A. Birth rates
B. Death rates
C. Life expectancy
D. Poverty

Death Rates

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Ecoli is a species of bacteria, therefore, it is a ____.

A. Protist
B. Prokaryote
C. Eukaryote
D. Plant

Prokaryote

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Ecology is the scientific study of the interactions of organisms with each other and with their physical environments.
T or F

True

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____ include living organisms and their physical environments.

A. Organisms
B. Populations
C. Communities
D. Ecosystems

Ecosystems

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Predator-prey relationships is an example of which level of biological organization?

A. Species
B. Population
C. Community
D. Ecosystem

Community

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Type ___ survivorship: populations whose organisms tend to survive beyond their young and middle-ages and die when they become elderly

Type ___ survivorship: the individual's chance of dying is independent of their age

Type ___ survivorship: populations that have a high death rate among the young, but a relatively low death rate for those who survive into middle and old age

Which species is likely to exhibit type I survivorship? A. Humans B. Birds C. Plants D. Sea turtles

Humans

A species which exhibits Type III survivorship would most likely have ___ biotic potential (high, low, moderate)

High

The age structure which appears to be triangle shaped is ___. (Growing, shrinking, stable)

Growing

The age structure which appears to be an inverted triangle is ___. (Growing, shrinking, stable)

Shrinking

The age structure which appears to be more even in its pre-reproductive, post-reproductive, and reproductive populations is ___. (Growing, shrinking, stable)

Stable

Ecosystems can be classified into biomes based on what two factors?

Temperature and precipitation

#1 The biological species concept says that members of a species can ___ and produce viable, fertile offspring.

Interbread

#2 The biological species concept ALSO SAYS that members of a species are ____ ____ from other species.

Reproductively isolated

What are the 2 mechanisms of reproductive Isolation?

Pre-zygotic, Post-zygotic

What are the 2 kinds of post-zygotic reproductive isolation?

Zygote mortality, hybrid sterility

What are the 5 kinds of pre-zygotic reproductive isolation?

ECOLOGICAL isolation BEHAVIORAL isolation TEMPORAL isolation MECHANICAL isolation prevention of gamete fusion

(pre-zygotic) when species are physically separated

ECOLOGICAL isolation

(pre-zygotic) when species mating rituals differ.

BEHAVIORAL isolation

(pre-zygotic) when two species mate at different times.

TEMPORAL isolation

pre-zygotic) when the species structures differ.

MECHANICAL isolation

What are gametes?

Gametes are eggs and sperm (these two fuse to create a zygote.)

____ is the formation of new species

Speciation

____ can occur without speciation.

Evolution

Speciation is driven by ___.

Evolution

What are the 5 mechanisms of evolution?

Genetic drift Natural selection Non-random mating Mutation Gene flow

(mechanisms of evolution) ___ is essentially migration.

Gene flow

(mechanisms of evolution) ___ is the pressure that the environment puts on a population.

Natural selection

(mechanisms of evolution) ___ consists of change due to random chance.

Genetic drift

(mechanisms of evolution) ___ is when one allele changes into another.

Mutation

What are the two models of speciation?

allopatric, sympatric

(models of speciation) species are geographically separated.

allopatric

(models of speciation) species are NOT geographically separated.

sympatric

(models of speciation) ___ is more likely to cause speciation.

allopatric

(models of speciation) ___ is less likely to cause speciation.

sympatric

(models of speciation) ___ has no gene flow.

allopatric

(models of speciation) ___ HAS gene flow.

sympatric

What are the 9 classification levels in order?

Domains Kingdoms Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species (Dear King Philip Came Over For Good Soup)

What's an example of a domain?

Eukaryotes

What's an example of a kingdom?

Animalia

What's an example of a phylum?

Chordata

What's an example of a class?

Mammalia

What's an example of an order?

Primates

What's an example of a family?

Himindae

What's an example of a genus?

Homo

What's an example of a species?

Sapien

Eukaryotes TRAITS:

nuclei, organelle, multicellular

Animalia TRAITS:

consumers, mobile

Chordata TRAITS:

spinal cord

Mammalia TRAITS:

milk, hair

Primates TRAITS:

opposable thumbs

Homindae TRAITS:

no tale

Homo TRAITS:

bipedalism (walking on two feet)

Sapiens TRAITS:

.world domination???

Life began roughly 4B years ago, originating from ___.

LUCA (last universal common ancestor)

What are the 3 domains of life?

Eukarya, Bacteria, Archaea

___ is the study of evolutionary relationships.

systematics

___ is the classification of organisms.

taxonomy

Which has a nucleus? (prokaryotes, eukaryotes)

eukaryotes

Which has an organelle? (prokaryotes, eukaryotes)

eukaryotes

Which has a cell wall? (prokaryotes, eukaryotes)

prokaryotes

Which can be multicellular? (prokaryotes, eukaryotes)

eukaryotes

Which is unicellular? (prokaryotes, eukaryotes)

prokaryotes

animals, fungi, plants, and protists are an example of ____. (prokaryotes, eukaryotes)

eukaryotes

___ includes bacteria and archaea. (Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes)

Prokaryotes

(Types of eukaryotes) ___ are immobile heterotrophs (fungi, animals, protists, plants)

fungi

Protists are organized into ___ supergroups.

(Protists) ___ have undulating membranes for movement and are parasitic

Excavata

(Protists) __ contain ciliates and brown algae

Chromalveolata

(Protists) ___ are single-celled protists with glassy silicon shells

Rhizaria

(Protists) ___ include red algae, green algae, and land plants

Archaeplastida

(Protists) ___ are mostly single-celled protists that use pseudopodia formovement

Amoebozoa

(Protists) ___ includes colonial flagellates, fungi, and animals

Opisthokonta

(Biological levels of organization) ___ focus on adaptation to an environment.

Organisms

(Biological levels of organization) ___: all living members of a taxon of organisms

Species

(Biological levels of organization) ___: all members of the same species in the same location at the same time.

Populations

(Biological levels of organization) ___: all the various populations at a particular locale.

Community

(Biological levels of organization) ___: living organisms and their physical environment

Ecosystem

(Biological levels of organization) ___: portion of Earth's surface where living things exist

Biosphere

What are the 2 fundamental patterns of population growth

Exponential growth, logistic growth

The J-shaped curve is an example of EXPONENTIAL growth, and has which two phases?

Lag phase ---> Exponential growth phase

The S-shaped growth curve is an example of LOGISTIC growth, and has which 4 phases?

Lag phase --> exponential growth --> deceleration phase --> stable equilibrium phase

(Biomes) ___: have diverse plant growth and heavy precipitation.

Tropical rainforests

(Biomes) ___: experience only an annual drought with rainy seasons, but are warm year-round.

Tropical Savannas

(Biomes) ___: endure year-round heat and are dry

Deserts

(Biomes) ___: have diverse temperatures with substantial rainfall.

Grasslands

(Biomes) ___: have diverse temperatures with enough precipitation to support diversity of life

temperate deciduous forest

(Biomes) ___: are similar to tropical rainforests with their heavy rainfall, but it does not stay warm.

temperate rainforest

(Biomes) ___: are not diverse in their plant life because it is usually cold and only a moderate amount of precipitation.

Boreal forests

(Biomes) ___: have LOW plant diversity, like an arctic desert.

Tundra