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bio #5 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Which of the following is a post-zygotic mechanism of reproductive isolation?

A. Ecological Isolation
B. Behavioral Isolation
C. Zygote Mortality
D. Temporal Isolation

A

Zygote Mortality

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2
Q

Which of the following is NOT a pre-zygotic mechanism of reproductive isolation?

A. Ecological isolation
B. Hybrid sterility
C. Temporal isolation
D. Mechanical isolation

A

Hybrid sterility

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3
Q

Speciation requires which of the following?

A. Natural Selection
B. Reproductive Isolation
C. Geographic Separation
D. Temporal Isolation

A

Reproductive Isolation

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4
Q

______ speciation occurs in the same geographic area.

A. Allopatric
B. Sympatric
C. Reproductive
D. Mass

A

Sympatric

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5
Q

A fork shaped graph that shows bursts of great evolutionary change occurring over very short time intervals is an example of ___.

A. Gradualism
B. Punctuated Equilibrium
C. Reproductive Isolation
D. Speciation

A

Punctuated Equilibrium

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6
Q

___ is small changes that accumulate over thousands/millions of years.

A

Gradualism

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7
Q

Describe the speed of speciation in punctuated equilibrium compared to gradualism

(Faster, slower, same)

A

Faster

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8
Q

There have been ____ major mass extinction in the history of life on Earth.

A

5

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9
Q

Which of the following taxonomic groupings is the most inclusive (i.e. contains the greatest number of species)?

A. Genus
B. Order
C. Class
D. Family

A

Class

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10
Q

The three Domains of life include all of the following EXCEPT:

A. Protista
B. Bacteria
C. Archaea
D. Eukarya

A

Protista

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11
Q

Which of the following is a prokaryote?

A. Protists
B. Bacteria
C. Plants
D. Fungi

A

Bacteria

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12
Q

Jelly fish are included in the phylum:

A. Porifera
B. Cnidaria
C. Arthropoda
D. Chordata

A

Cnidaria

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13
Q

Human activity is currently causing a ___ mass extinction.

A

6th

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14
Q

Which of the following places the levels of biological organization in the correct order (simplest to most complex)?

A. Organisms, population, ecosystem, community
B. Organisms, population, community, ecosystem
C. Population, ecosystem, community, species
D. Population, community, ecosystem, species

A

Organisms, population, community, ecosystem

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15
Q

Which of the following levels of biological organization involves the study of living organisms interacting with each other AND their physical environment?

A. Organism
B. Populations
C. Community
D. Ecosystem

A

Ecosystem

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16
Q

Describe the rate of reproduction for a species with high biotic potential compared to low biotic potential.

(Higher, Lower, Same)

A

Higher

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17
Q

Which of the following species would be most likely to exhibit an exponential growth curve?

A. Hippos
B. Horses
C. Humans
D. House flies

A

House Files

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18
Q

In a shrinking population, the number of ___ outnumbers ___.

A. Pre-reproductive, Post-reproductive
B. Pre-reproductive, Reproductive
C. Reproductive, Pre-reproductive
D. Post-reproductive, Pre-reproductive

A

Post-reproductive, Pre-reproductive

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19
Q

If the birth rate in a population increases, and the death rate decreases, then the population is likely to ___.

(Grow, Shrink, Stay the same)

A

Grow

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20
Q

An increase in which of the following would likely lead to a decease in human populations.

A. Birth rates
B. Death rates
C. Life expectancy
D. Poverty

A

Death Rates

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21
Q

Ecoli is a species of bacteria, therefore, it is a ____.

A. Protist
B. Prokaryote
C. Eukaryote
D. Plant

A

Prokaryote

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22
Q

Ecology is the scientific study of the interactions of organisms with each other and with their physical environments.
T or F

A

True

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23
Q

____ include living organisms and their physical environments.

A. Organisms
B. Populations
C. Communities
D. Ecosystems

A

Ecosystems

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24
Q

Predator-prey relationships is an example of which level of biological organization?

A. Species
B. Population
C. Community
D. Ecosystem

A

Community

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25
Q

Type ___ survivorship: populations whose organisms tend to survive beyond their young and middle-ages and die when they become elderly

A

1

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26
Q

Type ___ survivorship: the individual’s chance of dying is independent of their age

A

2

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27
Q

Type ___ survivorship: populations that have a high death rate among the young, but a relatively low death rate for those who survive into middle and old age

A

3

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28
Q

Which species is likely to exhibit type I survivorship?

A. Humans
B. Birds
C. Plants
D. Sea turtles

A

Humans

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29
Q

A species which exhibits Type III survivorship would most likely have ___ biotic potential

(high, low, moderate)

A

High

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30
Q

The age structure which appears to be triangle shaped is ___.
(Growing, shrinking, stable)

A

Growing

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31
Q

The age structure which appears to be an inverted triangle is ___.
(Growing, shrinking, stable)

A

Shrinking

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32
Q

The age structure which appears to be more even in its pre-reproductive, post-reproductive, and reproductive populations is ___.
(Growing, shrinking, stable)

A

Stable

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33
Q

Ecosystems can be classified into biomes based on what two factors?

A

Temperature and precipitation

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34
Q

1 The biological species concept says that members of a species can ___ and produce viable, fertile offspring.

A

Interbread

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35
Q

2 The biological species concept ALSO SAYS that members of a species are ____ ____ from other species.

A

Reproductively isolated

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36
Q

What are the 2 mechanisms of reproductive Isolation?

A

Pre-zygotic, Post-zygotic

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37
Q

What are the 2 kinds of post-zygotic reproductive isolation?

A

Zygote mortality, hybrid sterility

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38
Q

What are the 5 kinds of pre-zygotic reproductive isolation?

A

ECOLOGICAL isolation
BEHAVIORAL isolation
TEMPORAL isolation
MECHANICAL isolation
prevention of gamete fusion

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39
Q

(pre-zygotic) when species are physically separated

A

ECOLOGICAL isolation

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40
Q

(pre-zygotic) when species mating rituals differ.

A

BEHAVIORAL isolation

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41
Q

(pre-zygotic) when two species mate at different times.

A

TEMPORAL isolation

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42
Q

pre-zygotic) when the species structures differ.

A

MECHANICAL isolation

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43
Q

What are gametes?

A

Gametes are eggs and sperm
(these two fuse to create a zygote.)

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44
Q

____ is the formation of new species

A

Speciation

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45
Q

____ can occur without speciation.

A

Evolution

46
Q

Speciation is driven by ___.

A

Evolution

47
Q

What are the 5 mechanisms of evolution?

A

Genetic drift
Natural selection
Non-random mating
Mutation
Gene flow

48
Q

(mechanisms of evolution)
___ is essentially migration.

A

Gene flow

49
Q

(mechanisms of evolution)
___ is the pressure that the environment puts on a population.

A

Natural selection

50
Q

(mechanisms of evolution)
___ consists of change due to random chance.

A

Genetic drift

51
Q

(mechanisms of evolution)
___ is when one allele changes into another.

A

Mutation

52
Q

What are the two models of speciation?

A

allopatric, sympatric

53
Q

(models of speciation)
species are geographically separated.

A

allopatric

54
Q

(models of speciation)
species are NOT geographically separated.

A

sympatric

55
Q

(models of speciation)
___ is more likely to cause speciation.

A

allopatric

56
Q

(models of speciation)
___ is less likely to cause speciation.

A

sympatric

57
Q

(models of speciation)
___ has no gene flow.

A

allopatric

58
Q

(models of speciation)
___ HAS gene flow.

A

sympatric

59
Q

What are the 9 classification levels in order?

A

Domains
Kingdoms
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

(Dear King Philip Came Over For Good Soup)

60
Q

What’s an example of a domain?

A

Eukaryotes

61
Q

What’s an example of a kingdom?

A

Animalia

62
Q

What’s an example of a phylum?

A

Chordata

63
Q

What’s an example of a class?

A

Mammalia

64
Q

What’s an example of an order?

A

Primates

65
Q

What’s an example of a family?

A

Himindae

66
Q

What’s an example of a genus?

A

Homo

67
Q

What’s an example of a species?

A

Sapien

68
Q

Eukaryotes TRAITS:

A

nuclei, organelle, multicellular

69
Q

Animalia TRAITS:

A

consumers, mobile

70
Q

Chordata TRAITS:

A

spinal cord

71
Q

Mammalia TRAITS:

A

milk, hair

72
Q

Primates TRAITS:

A

opposable thumbs

73
Q

Homindae TRAITS:

A

no tale

74
Q

Homo TRAITS:

A

bipedalism (walking on two feet)

75
Q

Sapiens TRAITS:

A

.world domination???

76
Q

Life began roughly 4B years ago, originating from ___.

A

LUCA
(last universal common ancestor)

77
Q

What are the 3 domains of life?

A

Eukarya, Bacteria, Archaea

78
Q

___ is the study of evolutionary relationships.

A

systematics

79
Q

___ is the classification of organisms.

A

taxonomy

80
Q

Which has a nucleus?
(prokaryotes, eukaryotes)

A

eukaryotes

81
Q

Which has an organelle?
(prokaryotes, eukaryotes)

A

eukaryotes

82
Q

Which has a cell wall?
(prokaryotes, eukaryotes)

A

prokaryotes

83
Q

Which can be multicellular?
(prokaryotes, eukaryotes)

A

eukaryotes

84
Q

Which is unicellular?
(prokaryotes, eukaryotes)

A

prokaryotes

85
Q

animals, fungi, plants, and protists are an example of ____.
(prokaryotes, eukaryotes)

A

eukaryotes

86
Q

___ includes bacteria and archaea.
(Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes)

A

Prokaryotes

87
Q

(Types of eukaryotes)
___ are immobile heterotrophs
(fungi, animals, protists, plants)

A

fungi

88
Q

Protists are organized into ___ supergroups.

A

6

89
Q

(Protists) ___ have undulating membranes for movement and are parasitic

A

Excavata

90
Q

(Protists) __ contain ciliates and brown algae

A

Chromalveolata

91
Q

(Protists) ___ are single-celled protists with glassy silicon shells

A

Rhizaria

92
Q

(Protists) ___ include red algae, green algae, and land plants

A

Archaeplastida

93
Q

(Protists) ___ are mostly single-celled protists that use pseudopodia formovement

A

Amoebozoa

94
Q

(Protists) ___ includes colonial flagellates, fungi, and animals

A

Opisthokonta

95
Q

(Biological levels of organization)
___ focus on adaptation to an environment.

A

Organisms

96
Q

(Biological levels of organization)
___: all living members of a taxon of organisms

A

Species

97
Q

(Biological levels of organization)
___: all members of the same species in the same location at the same time.

A

Populations

98
Q

(Biological levels of organization)
___: all the various populations at a particular locale.

A

Community

99
Q

(Biological levels of organization)
___: living organisms and their physical environment

A

Ecosystem

100
Q

(Biological levels of organization)
___: portion of Earth’s surface where living things exist

A

Biosphere

101
Q

What are the 2 fundamental patterns of population growth

A

Exponential growth, logistic growth

102
Q

The J-shaped curve is an example of EXPONENTIAL growth, and has which two phases?

A

Lag phase —> Exponential growth phase

103
Q

The S-shaped growth curve is an example of LOGISTIC growth, and has which 4 phases?

A

Lag phase –> exponential growth –> deceleration phase –> stable equilibrium phase

104
Q

(Biomes) ___: have diverse plant growth and heavy precipitation.

A

Tropical rainforests

105
Q

(Biomes) ___: experience only an annual drought with rainy seasons, but are warm year-round.

A

Tropical Savannas

106
Q

(Biomes) ___: endure year-round heat and are dry

A

Deserts

107
Q

(Biomes) ___: have diverse temperatures with substantial rainfall.

A

Grasslands

108
Q

(Biomes) ___: have diverse temperatures with enough precipitation to support diversity of life

A

temperate deciduous forest

109
Q

(Biomes) ___: are similar to tropical rainforests with their heavy rainfall, but it does not stay warm.

A

temperate rainforest

110
Q

(Biomes) ___: are not diverse in their plant life because it is usually cold and only a moderate amount of precipitation.

A

Boreal forests

111
Q

(Biomes) ___: have LOW plant diversity, like an arctic desert.

A

Tundra

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