Bio 18 - Water Soluble Vitamins Flashcards
What is another name for vitamin B1?
Thiamine.
What are the cause of thiamine deficiency?
Poor nutrition (alcoholism, malabsorption). Increase loss of water-soluble vitamins (dialysis patient).
What are the symptoms of thiamine deficiency?
Damage to the medial thalamus and mammillary bodies of the posterior hypothalamus. Generalized cerebral atrophy.
What are the symptoms of Dry Beriberi?
Nonspecific peripheral neuropathy w/ myelin degeneration. Toe, wrist, or foot drop. Muscle weakness. Hyporeflexia. Areflexia.
What are the symptoms of Wet Beriberi?
Peripheral vasodilation. High output heart failure. Peripheral edema. Cardiomegaly.
What are the difference of symptoms in Dry beriberi vs wet beriberi?
Dry is involved in nerves. Wet in hearts.
What is the treatment for thiamine deficiency?
Immediate thiamine supp. Always give thiamine BEFORE glucose (can worse Wernike-Korsakoff encephalopathy).
What is another name for vitamin B2?
Riboflavin.
What are the two forms of Vitamin B2?
Flavin mononucleotide (FMN). Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). Both are cofactors for redox reactions, so if the enzyme has the word “dehydrogenase”, it requires B2 as a cofactor.
What are the symptoms of Vitamin B2 deficiency?
Dermatitis. Kelosis. Angular stomatitis. Glosittis.
What is another name for Vitamin B3?
Niacin.
What are the two forms of Vitamin B3?
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. (NADP). Important on redox reactions. Derived from tryptophan.
What are the symptoms of Niacin deficiency?
Pellagra: Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia.
What are three causes of Niacin deficiency?
Hartnup disease (decreased tryptophan absorption). Malignant carcinoid syndrome (increased tryptophan metabolism). Isoniazid (INH; inhibits B6 and B3).
How can we inhibit the Flushing reaction of Niacin?
Take aspirin 30 minutes prior.
Why do we give niacin to patients with dyslipidemia?
Increases HDL, decreases LDL.
What is another name for Vitamin B5?
Pantothenate.
What are the symptoms of Vitamin B5 deficiency?
Dermatitis. Enteritis. Alopecia. Adrenal insufficiency.
What is another name for B6?
Pyridoxine?
What does Vitamin B6 do?
The active form is pyridoxal phosphate, it is a coenzyme for numerous enzymes. Converts AA precursors into lots of substances: GABA, histamine, Heme, Niacin, etc.
What are the symptoms of Vitamin B6 deficiency?
Convulsions and hyperirritability and peripheral neuropathy (B6 essential for GABA production). Angular cheilosis. Glossitis.
What is another name for Vitamin B7?
Biotin.
What does Vitamin B7 do?
[Buy-a-tin of CO2] Apoenzyme for carboxylation reactions.
What can cause vitamin B7 deficiency?
Avidin found in egg whites that prevents absorption of biotin. Antibiotics.
What is another name for Vitamin B9?
Folic acid.
What does Vitamin B9 do?
Crucial for synthesis of DNA and the repair of DNA. Synthesis of purines and pyrimidines. Rapid cell division and growth. Biologically active form is tetrahydrofolate.
What are the causes of Folic acid deficiency?
Medications (Phenytoin, Sulfonamide, TMP, MTX). Malnutrition. Pregnancy (Rapid growth of fetus). Neural tube defects. Growth failure. Megaloblastic anemia. Glossitis, diarrhea, depression, confusion.
What are the two vitamin deficiencies that can cause megaloblastic anemia?
Deficiency in B9 or B12.
What is another name for Vitamin B12?
Cobalamin.
What are the symptoms of B12 deficiency?
Anemia (megaloblastic) and hypersegmented neutrophils. Decreased B12 levels. Increase MMA and homocystein levels. Neurological symptoms: parestehsias, ataxia, memory loss, dementia, severe weakness.
What would be a stark difference of symptoms of B9 vs B12 deficiency?
Only B12 deficiency causes Neurological symptoms.
What are the causes of B12 deficiency?
Only found in animals; vegans and vegetarians. Pernicious anemia: B12 combines with Intrinsic factor found in stomach and the complex is absorbed in the terminal ileum. Gastric bypass. Malabsorption (Crohn’s, celiac sprue, enteritis).
What is the Schilling test?
Give radioactive B12 and see how much shows up in the urine later on.
A patient presents w/ convulsions and irritability. What vitamin deficiency is causing these symptoms in this patient?
Vitamin B6 (GABA production).
What type of anemia can be caused by folate or B12 deficiency?
Megaloblastic anemia.
Where is B12 absorbed into the circulation?
Terminal illeum.
Which vitamin deficiency causes Peripheral neuropathy, glossitis?
Vitamin B12 deficiency. Possibly B6.
Which vitamin deficiency causes neural tube defects?
Folic acid.
Which vitamin deficiency causes Dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia?
Vitamin B3 deficiency.
Which vitamin deficiency causes pernicious anemia?
B12 deficiency.
Which vitamin is used in oxidation/reduction reactions?
Vitamin B2, B3.
Which vitamin is used in carboxylation reactions?
Biotin.
Which vitamin is required for intrinsic factor for absorption?
Vitamin B12.
Which vitamin is used by pyruvate dehydrogenase and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase?
Vitamin B1.
Which vitamin can be used to elevate HDL and lower LDL?
Vitamin B3.
Which vitamin deficiency can be caused by Isoniazid?
Vitamin B6, B3.
Cobalt can be found in which vitamin?
Vitamin B12.
Which vitamin is critical for DNA synthesis?
Folate and Vitamin B12.
RFF: Most common vitamin deficiency in the US?
Folate deficiency.
RFF: Hypersegmented neutrophils?
Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency.
RFF: Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, and polyneuropathy.
Wet Beriberi (vitamin B1 deficiency).
