Bio 14 - Amino Acids And Nitrogen Flashcards
What and which are the essential AAs?
AAs need to be acquired thru diet. [PVT TIM HaLL] Phenylalanine, Valine, Theronine, Tryptophan, Isoleucine, Methionine, Histidine, Leucine, Lysine.
Which are Basic AAs?
Lysine, Arginine, Histidine. Lysine and arginine (extra ammonia group). Histidine (arginine and histidine are very important during periods of growth, arginine and lysine are important for nuclear localization signals and found in high conc in histones).
Which are the Acidic AAs?
Aspartate and glutamate (negatively charged).
What AA is needed to make catecholamines?
Phenylalanine.
What converts phenylalanine to Tyrosine? What disease is it when there is an absence of this enzyme?
Phenylalanine hydroxylase. Deficiency causes PKU.
What stress hormone facilitates the conversion of NE to Epinephrine?
Cortisol.
What are the end products that can be made with argenine?
Creatine. Urea. Nitric Oxide.
What are the AAs that require Vitamin B6 as a cofactor?
Tryptophan (to Niacin, Serotonin). Glycine (to Heme). Histidine (Histamine). Glutamate (GABA, Glutathione).
What is the rate-limiting enzyme in the Urea cycle?
Carbamoyl phosphate Synthatase-1 (CPS-1), which is inside the mitochondria.
What are the symptoms of Ornithine transcarbamoylase (OTC) deficiency?
X-linked recessive disorder, the most common urea cycle disorder. The excess carbamoyl phosphate is converted to orotic acid that is detected in blood and urine. BUN is going to be decreased (because you can’t make urea). Will cause Hyperammonemia.
What are the symptoms of hyperammonemia?
Slurring of the speech. Somnolence. Vomiting. Cerebral edema. Blurring of the vision. (Hepatoencephalopathy).
What are the treatments for Ornithine transcarbamoylase deficiency?
Low protein diet. Phenylbutyrate. Benzoate. Biotin.
What amino acid is the precursor for Histamine?
Histidine.
What amino acid is the precursor for porphyrin, heme?
Glycine.
What amino acid is the precursor for NO?
Arginine.
