bio Flashcards
organism that causes disease
pathogen
how is cholera spread
through water
how is malaria spread
animal vectors
evolution is the change of inherited characteristics through
natural selection
what happens to the genes to create natural selection
they mutate
how can stone tools be dated and known how old they are
1) compare with other tools/ fossils that have already been dated
2) from how deep down it was found in the ground
who wrote the book about the theory on evolution
charles darwin
theory of evolution is…
new species evolve over many generations
how can a thinner beak be a result of evolution (on a bird)
1) mutations occurred which may have changed the size of the beak
2) thinner beaks mean they can get into tight places for insects and food
3) those with thinner beaks probably survived better because they had obtained more food
4) note that it takes a long period of time for this to happen
which process removes alcohol from the blood into the liver cells
diffusion
advice for drinking alcohol to reduce the damage done
1) reduce/ do not drink alcohol
2) drink alcohol with meals
where are genes found in cells
in the nucleus
one advantage of asexual reproduction
you don’t have to find a mate/ partner to reproduce with
one advantage of sexual reproduction
it can inherit different alleles which means it will be able to grow in different conditions
how are percentile charts used
to monitor height over time
how are sperm cells specialised
1) the tail moves fast
2) it’s streamlined
3) many mitochondria
how many daughter cells are produced in mitosis
2
how many daughter cells are produced in meiosis
4
how many chromosomes are in each daughter cell of mitosis
46 chromosomes
how many chromosomes are in each daughter cell of meiosis
23
which term describes the area of a root where many cells are dividing by mitosis
meristem
how to investigate the effect of pH on an enzyme
1) test of starch is present
2) test at set time intervals until there is a positive result of starch
3) controlled variable eg: same temperature
how are cataracts corrected by surgery
1) cut into the eye
2) replace with a new artificial lens
how does the size of the pupil change when a light is shone into someone’s eye
1) the pupil gets smaller
2) the isis gets bigger
how are base pairs bonded together in a DNA molecule
1) complementary bases
2) hydrogen bonds
3) weak
A is paired with
T
C is paired with
G
what is the shape of a dna molecule
double helix
what does protease break down
protein
