bio

Question 1

Cell theory

Answer 1

1. all living things are made of cells
2. cells are the basic units of structure and function of living things
3. new cells are produced from existing cells

Question 2

Robert hooke

Answer 2

observed cork under a microscope and was the first to use the term “cells” to describe the microscopic structures he

Question 3

Anton van leeuwenhoek

Answer 3

scientist that saw tiny microorganisms in pond and drinking water

Question 4

Prokaryote

Answer 4

this type of cell has no nucleus or membrane bound organelles.

Question 5

Eukaryote

Answer 5

this type of cell has a nucleus and membrane bound organelles.

Question 6

cell

Answer 6

this is the basic unit of structure and function in living organisms

Question 7

organelle

Answer 7

A structure in a cell with an individual job. These work together to allow the cell to function

Question 8

nucleus

Answer 8

The organelle that holds the cell’s DNA

Question 9

Nuclear envelope

Answer 9

Controls what goes in and out of the nucleus

Question 10

Nucleolus

Answer 10

The area within the nucleus where ribosomes are made

Question 11

dna

Answer 11

Double stranded nucleic acid responsible for holding the information needed to make proteins

Question 12

rna

Answer 12

A small nucleic acid that carries a copy of a single gene, which is the DNA “instructions” for making a specific protein.

Question 13

Chromosomes

Answer 13

Thread-like structures that contain genetic information (DNA)

Question 14

Rough Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 14

The organelle involved in processing proteins and sending them along to be processed by the Golgi apparatus or to other parts of the cell.

Question 15

Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 15

Provides phospholipids to other organelles in the cell among performing other specialized tasks.

Question 16

Golgi apparatus

Answer 16

The organelle that modifies, sorts and packages materials, and sends them out of the cell.

Question 17

Ribosomes

Answer 17

Small organelles that make proteins.

They tend to be found on or around the endoplasmic reticulum and use the information coded in RNA to make proteins

Question 18

Mitochondria

Answer 18

The organelle that turns food (sugar) into usable energy for the cell (ATP)

Question 19

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

Answer 19

An energy molecule that, when particular bonds are broken, can provide energy for any energy-requiring process in a cell.

Question 20

Vacuole

Answer 20

This organelle stores material for later use. In plants, it is very large and full of mostly water

Question 21

vesicle

Answer 21

this structure is like a small “bubble” that is used to move materials around the cell

Question 22

Lysosome

Answer 22

this organelle is filled with enzymes that break materials down in the cell

Question 23

cell membrane

Answer 23

this organelle controls what goes in and out of a cell

Question 24

chloroplast

Answer 24

This organelle converts sunlight energy into food for autotrophs

Question 25

Cell wall

Answer 25

This organelle provides shape, structure and protection for plants.

Question 26

flagellum

Answer 26

This is a whip-like organelle on the outside of the cell that allows for movement

Question 27

Cilia

Answer 27

These are small hair-like structures all over the outside of the cell that spin and allow movement

Question 28

animal cell

Answer 28

This type of eukaryotic cell does not have a cell wall or chloroplasts. Humans have this type of cell.

Question 29

plant cell

Answer 29

This type of eukaryotic cell has a cell wall and chloroplasts. Pine trees have this type of cell

Question 30

solute

Answer 30

The substance that dissolves into the solvent. Ex: Salt in salt water.

Question 31

solvent

Answer 31

The substance that the solute dissolves into. Ex: Water in salt water.

Question 32

concentration

Answer 32

The amount of solute in a given volume of solvent

Question 33

Concentration gradient

Answer 33

The difference in concentration from one area to another

Question 34

Phospholipid

Answer 34

The type of molecule that makes up the cell membrane, and any other membrane-bound organelles. It is amphipathic, meaning it has both polar and nonpolar regions

Question 35

Selectively permeable

Answer 35

Describes the cell membrane, which only allows certain molecules (small and nonpolar) through without the help of protein channels or pumps.

Question 36

Passive transport

Answer 36

Movement of any substance that requires no energy, because it is completely driven by a concentration gradient. Includes diffusion, osmosis and facilitated diffusion

Question 37

Diffusion

Answer 37

Movement of solute from a high concentration to a low concentration, sometimes across a semi-permeable membrane. Requires no energy input

Question 38

equilibrium

Answer 38

When two areas are of equal solute concentration, and substances move in both directions across a membrane at an equal rate

Question 39

Osmosis

Answer 39

The diffusion of water across a cell membrane

Question 40

Isotonic

Answer 40

The solute concentration in one area is the same as in another area.

Question 41

Hypertonic

Answer 41

An area has a higher solute concentration than another area.

Question 42

Hypotonic

Answer 42

An area that has a lower solute concentration than another area

Question 43

Active Transport

Answer 43

Any type of transport that requires an input of energy

Question 44

Protein Pumps

Answer 44

Channel proteins that move molecules against their concentration gradient, and require ATP energy to do so.

Question 45

Homeostasis

Answer 45

The combined processes by which a cell maintains its internal conditions, even when the environment is changing