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Bio 121 Lab > Bio 121 Lab 8 > Flashcards

Bio 121 Lab 8 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Phylum echinodermata

A
  • endoskeletons of calcareous plates and spines in skin
  • pentaradial symmetry
  • Triploblastic coelomate
  • tubular digestive tracts
  • water vascular system*
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2
Q

Water vascular system

A
  • Provides force necessary for locomotion and feeding

- network of canals connect to tube feet

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3
Q

RO: pisaster

A 
Phylum: echinodermata
Starfish
-tidal to deep water 
-spines on skin 
-5 arms, central disk
-pyloric and cardiac stomach
-pyloric caeca = digestive glands
-pairs of gonads
-separate sexes
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4
Q

Madreporite

A

Allows water to move in and out of starfish to maintain pressure

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5
Q

Grooves

A

On lower surface where tube feet

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6
Q

Tube feet

A
  • gas exchange
  • muscle nerve fibres for movement
  • drawn into groove and protected by spines
  • smaller tube feet sensory tentacles@ tip
  • eyespot, light sensitive
  • mouth (ventral) protected by spines
  • branchiae between spines
  • pedicellarie
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7
Q

Branchiae

A
  • Sac like structures between spines for gas exchange

- covered in cilia

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8
Q

Pedicellarie

A
  • Tiny pincers on flexible stalks
  • clean and protect starfish surface
  • surround spines
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9
Q

Pyloric stomach

A
  • Top stomach

- delicate membranous

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10
Q

Cardiac stomach

A

-Muscular

Everted to engulf prey

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11
Q

Pyloric caeca

A
  • digestive glands
  • attach to pyloric stomach
  • 2 per arm
  • secrete digestive enzymes
  • storage site for digested material
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12
Q

Gonads

A
  • under digestive glands
  • site gamete production
  • gametes released into water
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13
Q

Ampullae

A
  • attached to tube feet

- part of water vascular system

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14
Q

Pisaster friends

A
  • Brittle star
  • sea lily
  • sea urchin
  • sea cucumber
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15
Q

Phylum chordata

A
  • Bilateral symmetry
  • segmentation
  • Triploblastic coelomate
  • invertebrate and vertebrate chordates
  • 6 vertebrates
  • 4diagnostic features
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16
Q
  1. Chondrichthyes
A

Cartilaginous fish

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17
Q
  1. Osteichthyes
A

Bony fish

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18
Q
  1. Amphibia
A

Amphibians

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19
Q
  1. Reptilia
A

Reptiles

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20
Q
  1. Aves
A

Birds

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21
Q
  1. Mammalia
A

Mammals

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22
Q

4 Chordate features

A
  1. Notochord
  2. Hollow dorsal nerve chord
  3. Pharyngeal gill slits
  4. Post anal tail
23
Q

Amphioxus

A

Marine invertebrate that shows the characteristics as an adult

24
Q

RO: perca

A 
Phylum: chordata
Perch
-freshwater
-bilateral symmetry 
-bony scales covered in mucus = protection and passage through water 
-upper and lower jaws
-censory organs in head 
-eyes
-internal ears: balance and hearing
-operculum protects gills 
4 unpaired fins
2 pairs paired fins
-2 pairs nostrils
-lateral line system
25
Q

Anterior nostrils

A

-water in to olfactory sac (detects chemical changes)

26
Q

Posterior nostrils

A

Water out

27
Q

Lateral line system

A
  • consists of pores connected to internal tubular canals
  • bear sense organs
  • detects pressure waves
28
Q

Unpaired fins

A

2 dorsal
1 anal
1 caudal

29
Q

Paired fins

A
  • 2 pectoral (lateral surface behind head region)

- 2 pelvic immediately ventral

30
Q

Gills

A

Gas exchange

31
Q

Parts of the gills

A
  • gill arch
  • gill rakers
  • gill filaments
32
Q

Gill filaments

A
  • Increase surface area for gas exchange

- convex surface

33
Q

Gill rakers

A
  • short and bony
  • concave surface
  • strain large particles
34
Q

Swim bladder

A
  • outpushing from pharynx
  • originally a lung
  • now for buoyancy
35
Q

Digestive tract

A

Oesophagus > cardiac stomach (temporary storage) > pyloric stomach (chemical digestion) > pyloric caeca (digestion and absorption) > intestine (start duodenum) > anus

36
Q

Spleen

A

Production and storage of blood cells

37
Q

Elongate testes

A

Produce sperm

38
Q

Single ovary

A

Produces egg

39
Q

Sinus venosus

A

Collects deoxygenated blood from tissue

40
Q

Bulbus arteriosus

A
  • Expanded artery

- narrows into ventral aorta

41
Q

Dorsal aorta

A
  • Thin black lining running mid-dorsally

- takes oxygenated blood from gills to body

42
Q

Undulatory swimming

A

Axial locomotion

43
Q

Perca friends

A

Amphioxus, minnow, shark, next, frog, snake, turtle, bird, mammal

44
Q

Use of limbs

A

Appendicular locomotion

45
Q

First land vertebrates

A

Amphibians

46
Q

Locomotion transition

A

Axial -> appendicular

47
Q

Transition organs for gas exchange

A

Gills -> lungs

48
Q

Amphibian gas exchange

A

Lungs, skin oral cavities

49
Q

Transition skin

A

No waterproofing, mucous glands and large blood vessels -> thick cells called stratum corneum for waterproofing

50
Q

Stratum corneum

A

Thick dead cells that form water proof boundary

51
Q

Transition reproduction

A

External fertilization > amniotic shell > internal fertilization

52
Q

Extraembryonic membranes

A

-deliver food and oxygen to embryo, take away waste, protect embryo

53
Q

Transition circulatory system

A

Fish: 2 chambers 1 circuit
Amphibians/reptiles: 3 chambers
Mammals/birds/some reptiles: 4 chambers 2 circuits

54
Q

Two circulatory circuits

A
  1. Pulmonary (lung)

2. Systemic (body)

Bio 121 Lab (5 decks)

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