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Bio 1.1 > Bio 1.1 - Chromosones + DNA > Flashcards

Bio 1.1 - Chromosones + DNA Flashcards

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1
Q

What are atoms called when they chemically join?

A

Compounds

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2
Q

What are the two classifications that compounds fall under?

A

Organic and inorganic

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3
Q

What 3 properties makes a compound count as organic?

A

Must be complex
Must Contain Carbon
Must be produced or associated with living things

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4
Q

What are the four main organic compounds found in organisms?

A

Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Lipids

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5
Q

What is another word for Macro Molecules?

A

Polymers

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6
Q

What is the name of the sub-units that make up polymers?

A

Monomers

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7
Q

Describe 4 differences between RNA and DNA

A

RNA
single stranded
Sugar = ribose
Contains Uracil
can leave the nucleus
Short

DNA
- Double stranded molecule joined by weak hydrogen bonds. In a twisted ladder shape
- Sugar = Deoxyribose
-Thymine
- Stays in the Nucleus
Long

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8
Q

Are Nucleic acids polymers or Monomers

A

Polymers (made up of the sub-unit nucleotides)

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9
Q

What 5 elements make up Nucleic acids

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorous

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10
Q

What three parts comprise a nucleotide

A

A sugar, phosphate group and a nitrogen base

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11
Q

What are the two different types of nucleic acids?

A

deoxyribonucleic acod (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA)

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12
Q

What is the role of DNA?

A

To store genetic information that helps create proteins to carry out complex cellular processes

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13
Q

At what point does DNA self replicate

A

Just before cell division

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14
Q

is the genetic code the same for all living things?

A

Yes

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15
Q

What is RNA and when does it come in handy

A

A type of nucleic acid that is required in protein synthesis

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16
Q

How many chromosones do Prokaryotes have

A

One single circular chromsome

17
Q

Does the DNA chromosone in prokaryotes contain protein?

A

No

18
Q

Where is DNA in prokaryotes found

A

In the cytosol (fluid part of the cytoplasm)

19
Q

What organelles in Eukaryotic cells also contain DNA that resmebles prokaryotic DNA?

A

Mitochondria and chloroplasts.

They resemble prokaryotic cells because they are circular and have no protein attached

20
Q

What is the name of the protein that Eukaryotic DNA is coiled around

A

Histones

21
Q

At what point in the cell cycle are Chromosones visible

A

during division

22
Q

WWhat are long threads of DNA called?

A

Chromatin

23
Q

What is the name of the spherical structures that histones form

A

Nucleosome

24
Q

How many times does DNA wrap around histones?

A

1.65 times

25
Q

What does a chromatosone consist of?

A

A Nucleosome plus the H1 histone

26
Q

Nucleosomes fold up to produce a 30-nm fiber that forms what shape

A

Loops - each loop averages about 300nm in length

27
Q
A

Bio 1.1 (10 decks)

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