Bio 1.1 - Chromosones + DNA Flashcards
What are atoms called when they chemically join?
Compounds
What are the two classifications that compounds fall under?
Organic and inorganic
What 3 properties makes a compound count as organic?
Must be complex
Must Contain Carbon
Must be produced or associated with living things
What are the four main organic compounds found in organisms?
Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Lipids
What is another word for Macro Molecules?
Polymers
What is the name of the sub-units that make up polymers?
Monomers
Describe 4 differences between RNA and DNA
RNA
single stranded
Sugar = ribose
Contains Uracil
can leave the nucleus
Short
DNA
- Double stranded molecule joined by weak hydrogen bonds. In a twisted ladder shape
- Sugar = Deoxyribose
-Thymine
- Stays in the Nucleus
Long
Are Nucleic acids polymers or Monomers
Polymers (made up of the sub-unit nucleotides)
What 5 elements make up Nucleic acids
Carbon, Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorous
What three parts comprise a nucleotide
A sugar, phosphate group and a nitrogen base
What are the two different types of nucleic acids?
deoxyribonucleic acod (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA)
What is the role of DNA?
To store genetic information that helps create proteins to carry out complex cellular processes
At what point does DNA self replicate
Just before cell division
is the genetic code the same for all living things?
Yes
What is RNA and when does it come in handy
A type of nucleic acid that is required in protein synthesis
How many chromosones do Prokaryotes have
One single circular chromsome
Does the DNA chromosone in prokaryotes contain protein?
No
Where is DNA in prokaryotes found
In the cytosol (fluid part of the cytoplasm)
What organelles in Eukaryotic cells also contain DNA that resmebles prokaryotic DNA?
Mitochondria and chloroplasts.
They resemble prokaryotic cells because they are circular and have no protein attached
What is the name of the protein that Eukaryotic DNA is coiled around
Histones
At what point in the cell cycle are Chromosones visible
during division
WWhat are long threads of DNA called?
Chromatin
What is the name of the spherical structures that histones form
Nucleosome
How many times does DNA wrap around histones?
1.65 times
What does a chromatosone consist of?
A Nucleosome plus the H1 histone
Nucleosomes fold up to produce a 30-nm fiber that forms what shape
Loops - each loop averages about 300nm in length
