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Biology > Bilogy week2 pt 2. Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Bilogy week2 pt 2. Lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Polygamous

A

A MATING SYSTEM-One sex mate with multiple others-if the offspring need little parental support

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2
Q

A Form of Polygamous

*PolyGYNous

A

One male with multiple females

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3
Q

A Form of Polygamous

  • PolyANDERous
A

One female with multiple males

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4
Q

A Form of Polygamous

*Promiscuous

A

Both sex’s mate with multiple others

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5
Q

A Form of Polygamous

  • Monagamous
A

ONE male with ONE female-when an offspring needs sufficient parental care

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6
Q 
Male Mating Strategies
1)
2)
3)
4)
A

1) Female defense
2) Resource defense
3) Self-Advertisement
4) Sneaking

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7
Q

Male Mating Strategies

*Female Defense

A

A male gets the female by defending a group of females

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8
Q

Male mating Strategies

*Resource Defense

A

A male defends territory that would be useful for the female-food, nest sight.

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9
Q

Male Mating strategies

  • Self-Advertisement
A

Self advertisement is displaying the males self in an area with lots of females

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10
Q

Male Mating strategies

  • Sneaking
A

Males that have little chance of mating sneak into court females to fertilize the eggs.

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11
Q

Female Mating Strategies
1)
2)
3)

A

1) Direct Benefits
2) Good genes
3) Male choice copying

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12
Q

Female Mating Strategies

  • Direct benefits
A

Direct benefits is when the male provides resources like parental care or food

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13
Q

Female Mating Strategies

*Good Genes

A

Good genes is when a male is based on his quality such as disease resistance.

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14
Q

Female mating Strategies

*Male choice copying

A

Male choice copying is when the girl wants what the other girl wants

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15
Q

What helps the mate realize the other is not genetically fit?

Why not cheat?

A

Sexually-Selected characteristics are honest indicators of quality.

ex: The blue feet of the blue footed booby.

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16
Q

What is a extra-pair copulation?

A

Where two individuals mate for life but occasionally fool around with others.

17
Q

Define Direct Fitness

A

Direct fitness includes the individuals own offspring

18
Q

Define Indirect Fitness

A

Indirect Fitness is the offspring of closely related individuals, such as parents and siblings.

19
Q

Inclusive fitness

A

Inclusive fitness is fitness of both the offspring and relatives

20
Q

Kin-Selected Behavior

A

Kin Selected Behavior is behavior that spreads as result of increasing inclusive fitness.

21
Q

Kin-Selected Behavior

A

Kin Selected Behavior is behavior that spreads as result of increasing inclusive fitness.

22
Q

Helpers of the nest

A

Individuals help raise siblings.

23
Q

Cooperative-breeding

A

Females care for each others offspring

24
Q

Alturism

A

Altruism is when a individual risks its own life in order to protect those better suited for reproduction

25
Q

What is Hamiltons Rule?

rB>C

A

Relatedness
Benefit
Cost
You risk your life to save the more benefitial relative

26
Q

Alturism

  • Eusocial Behavior
A

Individuals foregoing in their own reproduction in favor of serving the colony.

27
Q

Reciprocal Alturism

Tin or Tat

A

Animals help unrelated individuals.

-treat individuals the way they treated you last time

28
Q 
Costs to living in groups
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
A

Competition for food, competition for mates, more predators, harder to find habitat, diseases spread quickely

29
Q 
Benefits to living in groups
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
A 
more diversity
more mating options
increase alturism
dilution effect- predators less likely to affect you
more territory holding capability
more shared parental care.
30
Q

Behavioral ecology

A

ways animals use behavior to solve life problems

31
Q

Niko Tinbergen’s 2 types of questions for behavioral ecology

A

1) How questions (Proximate Causation)

2) Why questions (Ultimate causation)

32
Q

How questions (Proximate Causation)
1)
2)

A

What causes Behavior?

How does behavior develope?

33
Q

Why Questions (Ultimate Causation)
1)
2)

A

How does behavior enhance fitness?

How did behavior evolve?

34
Q

Sign stimulus

A

External cue that triggers behavior in mates. often leads to fixed action pattern

35
Q

Fixed action pattern

A

sequence of unlearned actions

36
Q

Super-normal stimulus

A

exaggerated signal which leads to more intense responses

37
Q

Innate behavior

A

developmentally fixed, nearly all individuals have the same behavior with little variation

38
Q

Learned behavior

A

learned as grow up from others

39
Q

imprinting

A

a form of learned behavior-formation during early life stage of long-lasting behavioral responses to people or objects-necessary for adult-male recognition.

Biology (8 decks)

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