Bilogy week2 pt 2. Lecture 4

Question 1

Polygamous

Answer 1

A MATING SYSTEM-One sex mate with multiple others-if the offspring need little parental support

Question 2

A Form of Polygamous

*PolyGYNous

Answer 2

One male with multiple females

Question 3

A Form of Polygamous

• PolyANDERous

Answer 3

One female with multiple males

Question 4

A Form of Polygamous

*Promiscuous

Answer 4

Both sex’s mate with multiple others

Question 5

A Form of Polygamous

• Monagamous

Answer 5

ONE male with ONE female-when an offspring needs sufficient parental care

Question 6

Male Mating Strategies
1)
2)
3)
4)

Answer 6

1) Female defense
2) Resource defense
3) Self-Advertisement
4) Sneaking

Question 7

Male Mating Strategies

*Female Defense

Answer 7

A male gets the female by defending a group of females

Question 8

Male mating Strategies

*Resource Defense

Answer 8

A male defends territory that would be useful for the female-food, nest sight.

Question 9

Male Mating strategies

• Self-Advertisement

Answer 9

Self advertisement is displaying the males self in an area with lots of females

Question 10

Male Mating strategies

• Sneaking

Answer 10

Males that have little chance of mating sneak into court females to fertilize the eggs.

Question 11

Female Mating Strategies
1)
2)
3)

Answer 11

1) Direct Benefits
2) Good genes
3) Male choice copying

Question 12

Female Mating Strategies

• Direct benefits

Answer 12

Direct benefits is when the male provides resources like parental care or food

Question 13

Female Mating Strategies

*Good Genes

Answer 13

Good genes is when a male is based on his quality such as disease resistance.

Question 14

Female mating Strategies

*Male choice copying

Answer 14

Male choice copying is when the girl wants what the other girl wants

Question 15

What helps the mate realize the other is not genetically fit?

Why not cheat?

Answer 15

Sexually-Selected characteristics are honest indicators of quality.

ex: The blue feet of the blue footed booby.

Question 16

What is a extra-pair copulation?

Answer 16

Where two individuals mate for life but occasionally fool around with others.

Question 17

Define Direct Fitness

Answer 17

Direct fitness includes the individuals own offspring

Question 18

Define Indirect Fitness

Answer 18

Indirect Fitness is the offspring of closely related individuals, such as parents and siblings.

Question 19

Inclusive fitness

Answer 19

Inclusive fitness is fitness of both the offspring and relatives

Question 20

Kin-Selected Behavior

Answer 20

Kin Selected Behavior is behavior that spreads as result of increasing inclusive fitness.

Question 21

Kin-Selected Behavior

Answer 21

Kin Selected Behavior is behavior that spreads as result of increasing inclusive fitness.

Question 22

Helpers of the nest

Answer 22

Individuals help raise siblings.

Question 23

Cooperative-breeding

Answer 23

Females care for each others offspring

Question 24

Alturism

Answer 24

Altruism is when a individual risks its own life in order to protect those better suited for reproduction

Question 25

What is Hamiltons Rule? | rB>C

Answer 25

Relatedness Benefit Cost You risk your life to save the more benefitial relative

Question 26

Alturism * Eusocial Behavior

Answer 26

Individuals foregoing in their own reproduction in favor of serving the colony.

Question 27

Reciprocal Alturism | Tin or Tat

Answer 27

Animals help unrelated individuals. | -treat individuals the way they treated you last time

Question 28

``` Costs to living in groups 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) ```

Answer 28

Competition for food, competition for mates, more predators, harder to find habitat, diseases spread quickely

Question 29

``` Benefits to living in groups 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) ```

Answer 29

``` more diversity more mating options increase alturism dilution effect- predators less likely to affect you more territory holding capability more shared parental care. ```

Question 30

Behavioral ecology

Answer 30

ways animals use behavior to solve life problems

Question 31

Niko Tinbergen's 2 types of questions for behavioral ecology

Answer 31

1) How questions (Proximate Causation) | 2) Why questions (Ultimate causation)

Question 32

How questions (Proximate Causation) 1) 2)

Answer 32

What causes Behavior? | How does behavior develope?

Question 33

Why Questions (Ultimate Causation) 1) 2)

Answer 33

How does behavior enhance fitness? | How did behavior evolve?

Question 34

Sign stimulus

Answer 34

External cue that triggers behavior in mates. often leads to fixed action pattern

Question 35

Fixed action pattern

Answer 35

sequence of unlearned actions

Question 36

Super-normal stimulus

Answer 36

exaggerated signal which leads to more intense responses

Question 37

Innate behavior

Answer 37

developmentally fixed, nearly all individuals have the same behavior with little variation

Question 38

Learned behavior

Answer 38

learned as grow up from others

Question 39

imprinting

Answer 39

a form of learned behavior-formation during early life stage of long-lasting behavioral responses to people or objects-necessary for adult-male recognition.