Biliary Tree Flashcards
The coming together of which two ducts forms the common hepatic duct?
The left and right hepatic ducts
The common hepatic duct and the cystic duct combine to form…?
The common bile duct
What is the name of the sphincter which regulates the flow of bile into the duodenum?
Sphincter of Oddi
At what point in the duodenum does the common bile duct enter?
The ampulla of vater
The common bile duct passes behind the duodenum and then through the head of which organ to reach the ampulla of vater?
Head of the pancreas
What are the three anatomical parts of the gallbladder?
Neck
Body
Fundus
What is bile composed of?
Bile acids Water Electrolytes Cholesterol Phospholipids Conjugated billirubin
Where is bilirubin conjugated before it enters the bile?
The liver
Bile enhances the absorption of the fat soluble vitamins. Which vitamins are fat soluble?
A
D
E
K
What are the functions of bile?
Promotes intestinal absorption of fats
Enhances absorption of fat soluble vitamins
Solubises cholesterol to facilitate its excretion
Where does bile synthesis occur?
Hepatocytes in the liver
What are the two maim primary bile acids?
Cholic acid
Chenodeoxycholic acid
With which amino acids are bile acids conjugated to form bile salts?
Glycine
Taurine
Where is bile stored when digestion is not taking place?
The gallbladder
Which nerve can cause the gallbladder to contract to allow the secretion of bile?
Vagus nerve
In response to the presence of luminal fat in the duodenum which hormone is released to promote gallbladder contraction?
Cholecystokinin
In addition to promoting gallbladder contraction, how does cholecystokinin promote bile secretion?
It relaxes the sphincter of Oddi
Which two gut hormones will relax the gallbladder and close the sphincter of Oddi?
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide
Somatostatin
What percentage of bile acids are ‘recycled’ via the enterohepatic circulation?
95%
In the enterohepatic system, bile salts are carried into the portal vein from the ileum where they can be transported back to the liver for reuse. Which protein carries these bile salts in the blood?
Albumin
