Bibliology Test Flashcards
studying and mediating on the Word of God is crucial to fulfilling God’s will
Joshua 1:8
God has promised to preserve His Word
Matthew 5:17-18
God’s Word is timeless and permanent
Psalm 119:89
the Word of God will stand forever
Isaiah 40:8
the words of the Bible are inspired by God and sufficient for all man’s needs
2 Timothy 3:16-17
the Bible is ultimately authored by the Holy Spirit
2 Peter 1:20-21
God’s Word is living and active
Hebrews 4:12
God-breathed (theopneustos)
inspiration
historic, orthodox view: literally, all the words were breathed out by God
plenary inspiration
all the words were breathed out by God
verbal inspiration
“the writings” (words written down)
Scripture
God’s giving of the words that the writers wrote down
dictation
being without error (God gave the words of Scripture without error in the original autographs)
inerrancy
indwelling Holy Spirit giving the ability to understand Scripture
illumination
a straw man argument (false argument) that the writers became robots or zombie-like, their consciousness being suspended, while writing Scripture
mechanical dictation
says inspiration is merely heightened creativity
natural inspiration
says some is inspired, some is not inspired
partial inspiration
says God inspired thoughts; men wrote in their own words
conceptual inspiration
says the Bible becomes the Word of God when it is meaningful, or “speaks,” to the reader (encounter)
experiential inspiration
says God merely supervised the writers of the Bible, allowing them to write down what they experienced, what they thought, and what they did, as long as no error or mistakes crept in
superintendence
“rule” or “standard”; Sacred Writings accepted by the church as the authoritative rule of faith and practice (or 66 Books of the Bible)
canon
the study of which books are to be included in the Holy Scriptures
canonicity
the process of recognition of canonical books
canonization
recognized as part of the Canon of Scripture
canonical
incorruptibility of the Word of God in its transmission through the generations
infallibility
original document of a given book
autograph
copy of an original document
apograph
a complete, handwritten copy of work, such as a book or selection
manuscript
a small scrap, sometimes containing only a few verses
fragment
a collection of manuscripts into a large volume
codex
a printed church worship manual that contained/quoted huge amounts of Scripture
lectionary
God’s protection of His Word to keep it pure in all ages
providential preservation
Peter recognizes Paul’s writings as Scripture, 2 Peter 3:15-16
AD 64
the NT Canon is completed with the book of Revelation
AD 90
“Muratorian Canon” - the oldest known fragment listing NT books
AD 170
Irenaeus’ list of “undisputed books” included 80% of the NT
AD 175
Origen argues to add Hebrews and Jude to Iranaeus’ list, implying its common acceptance
AD 220
Athanasius lists only our present 27 NT books as “canonical”
AD 340
Council of Carthage, final recognition of all 27 books being Canon
AD 397
Erasmus published first Greek Testament in single volume
AD 1516
to lift or carry across (from Latin, trans, “across,” and latus, “to lift or carry”)
translate
translation philosophy where the words from the Greek and Hebrew are rended as closely to word-for-word as possible into the English without changing the meaning intended by the original language (emphasizes accuracy of translation)
formal equivalency
thought-for-thought translation philosophy (emphasizes understanding/readability)
dynamic equivalency
the OT Hebrew text meticulously copied and preserved by Jew scribes called Masoretes
Masoretic Text
collation of primarily two Greek manuscripts called Sinaiticus and Vaticanus in 1881 by B.F. Wescott and A.J. Hort *evolving bases for Bible versions (aka Eclectic Text)
Critical Text
a discarded (4th century) codex found in a wastepaper bin in a monastery on Mt. Sinai
Sinaiticus
a codex of questionable origin “discovered” by the Roman church when called into question on some of their beliefs
Vaticanus
Jewish sect credited with copying OT Hebrew text (AD 600-950)
Masoretes
common term refers to NT Greek text received by God’s people *together with the Masoretic Text forms the basis of the Authorized Version (KJV)
Received Text
(Latin for the “Received Text”) named in 1633 by the Elzevir brothers, the Greek NT received by God’s people
Textus Receptus
Verily I say unto you, Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, till all be fulfilled.
Matthew 5:18
Think not that I am come to destroy the law, or the prophets: I am not come to destroy, but to fulfill.
Matthew 5:17
For the word of God is quick, and powerful, and sharper than any twoedged sword, piercing even to the diving asunder of soul and spirit, and the joints and marrow, and is a discerner of the thoughts and intents of the heart.
Hebrews 4:12
2 Timothy 3:16 - “All”
- “each, every, all, the whole”
- supports plenary inspiration
- refutes partial inspiration
2 Timothy 3:16 - “scripture”
- “graphe, the writings”
- refutes conceptual inspiration
- refutes natural inspiration
2 Timothy 3:16 - “given by inspiration of God”
- “theopneustos, God-breathed”
- supports verbal inspiration
- refutes superintendence
inspiration assumes what?
inerrancy and infallibilty
2 Timothy 3:16 - “and is profitable”
- “sufficiency”
- refutes experiential inspiration
discuss the difference between “mechanical dictation” and “verbal inspiration” using Scripture
- “given by inspiration of God” (2 Timothy 3:16)
- God gave the words that the writers wrote down instead of controlling them directing while writing Scripture
what are five questions to help recognize canonicity?
- is it authoritative? (claims to speak for God)
- is it prophetic? (has an apostolic connection)
- is it authentic? (agrees with other Scriptures)
- is it dynamic? (possesses the power of God to change lives)
- is it accepted? (received, used, preserved by God’s people; most important one)
____ without ____ is useless
inspiration without preservation is useless
the promise of preservation using scripture
- God’s Word is pure, and He will preserve it (Ps. 12:6-7)
- God’s Word is eternal (Ps. 119:89-91)
- God’s Word is preserved accurately and completely (Matt. 5:18)
- God’s Word is permanent (Isa. 40:8; 1 Pet. 1:23-25)
preservation: scribal rules
- parchment made from skins of clean animals
- column no less than 48 and no more than 60 lines
- black ink from a special recipe
- no word or letter written from memory; needed authentic copy
- wipe his pen before Elohim; change clothes before Jehovah
- every word was counted; if off, entire page destroyed
