BI203 Midterm 3 Wrong Answers Review Flashcards
___ is the kinase which can control global translation and phosphorylate eIF2B in the PI 3-kinase pathway.
GSK3
All of the microtubules in a(n) ___ (those carrying black/grey cargo) are oriented in the SAME direction!
axon
All of the microtubules in an axon (those carrying black/grey cargo) are oriented in the ___ direction!
same
Some intracellular signaling pathways involve chains of protein kinases as seen in the ___ ___ signaling module.
MAP kinase
All transmembrane proteins will traverse the secretory pathway, and thus at one point have their transmembrane domains inserted into the ___ ___.
Also, all transmembrane proteins have ___ amino acids embedded within the membrane.
endoplasmic reticulum, hydrophobic
Chromosome movement during mitosis is based on the rearrangements of ___ and is independent of actin and myosin.
microtubules
Peroxisomes are ___ a destination for vesicles leaving the Golgi Apparatus.
NOT
Peroxisomes bud directly from the ___, not the Golgi.
ER
___ is a product of glycolysis which must be transported into the mitochondria to begin the Citric Acid Cycle.
*Acetyl CoA and citric acid are intermediates generated from pyruvate DURING the Citric Acid Cycle.
pyruvate
Lamin proteins (of the nuclear lamina) are a type of ___ ___.
intermediate filament
An important step in the import of the transcription factor NF-kB into the nucleus is regulated by a ___. The phosphorylation of lkB frees up the NLS of NF-kB to be read (NF-kB can now be imported).
kinase
Dystrophin links the ___ filaments of muscle cells to the ___ ___. Any interactions with the extracellular matrix are indirect.
actin, plasma membrane
The major function of ___ is to oxidize certain organic molecules and degrade the H2O2 produced by these reactions.
peroxisomes
The major function of peroxisomes is to oxidize certain ___ ___ and degrade the ___ produced by these reactions.
organic molecules, H2O2
The NLS is typically a short sequence of BASIC amino acids, such as: ___, ___, and ___.
Lys, Arg, His
Gaucher disease is a failure of lysosomes in macrophages to hydrolyze ___.
glycolipids
Gaucher disease is a failure of ___ in macrophages to hydrolyze glycolipids.
lysosomes
cAMP activates phosphorylase which stimulates the breakdown of ___ to ___.
glycogen to glucose
Elevated levels of cAMP will lead to ___ levels of glucose.
high
The following statements provide evidence for the signal hypothesis for the targeting of a secretory protein to the rough ER:
A normally cytosolic protein is ___ when a specific sequence is added to it by genetic engineering. The protein is ___ when synthesized in vitro on free polysomes. The secretory protein ends up in the cytosol when a short sequence is ___ by genetic engineering.
secreted, larger, deleted
Dark band = ___ filaments.
myosin
Light band = ___ filaments.
actin
___ band = Thick myosin filaments.
Dark band
___ band = Thin actin filaments.
Light band
During sarcomere contraction, the ___ ___ (___ ___) remains fairly CONSTANT in its length.
dark band (myosin II)
During muscle contraction, the ___ ___ and ___ ___ CHANGE LENGTH.
H Band, I Band
___ cells and ___ are so specialized that they cannot undergo mitosis.
muscle cells, neurons
The ___ ___ nucleates new actin filaments at the side of an existing filament.
ARP2/3 complex
___ regulates the availability of actin monomers.
profilin
___ is important for the growth of straight actin filaments.
formin
___ contracts the rear of the cell.
myosin
___ is involved in focal adhesions.
integrin
The ARP2/3 complex nucleates ___ ___ ___ at the side of an existing filament.
new actin filaments
Profilin regulates the availability of ___ ___.
actin monomers
Formin is important for the growth of ___ ___ ___.
straight actin filaments
Myosin contracts the ___ of the cell.
rear
Integrin is involved in ___ ___.
focal adhesions
___ is a microtubule plus-end tracking protein (+TIP), a family of proteins that mainly target the growing end of the microtubule and promote tubulin addition within the cytoplasm.
CLASP2
CLASP2 is a ___ ___ ___ protein (+TIP), a family of proteins that mainly target the growing end of the microtubule and promote tubulin addition within the cytoplasm.
microtubule plus-end tracking protein
CLASP2 is a microtubule plus-end tracking protein (+TIP), a family of proteins that mainly target the growing end of the microtubule and promote ___ ___ within the cytoplasm.
tubulin addition
A mutation resulting in overexpression of CLASP2 in human neurons would most likely result in both ___ and ___ growth and proliferation.
axon and dendrite
