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Betül Flashcards

1
Q

Which one of the following is not component of the innate immunity?

A) Epithelium of the skin and gastrointestinal and respiratory tissue
B)Kupffer cells and microglia

C)Natural killer (NK) cells

D)Complement activation in the alternative and lectin pathways

E) Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)

A

E) Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)

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2
Q

66)All of the following receptors are the type of receptor on leukocytes that binds to pathogen-associated molecular patterns and mediates immune response to microbes, products of damaged cells and foreign substance, except?
A) Toll-like receptors
B)NOD-like receptors
C)T-cell receptors
D)C-type lectin receptors
E)RIG like receptors

A

C)T-cell receptors

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3
Q

67)All of the following statements about major histocompatibility
Complex Molecules are correct, except?

A)MHC I molecule is present on all the nucleated cells, platelets and mature red blood cells

B)MHC is a cluster of genes located on short art of chromosome
6 (6р)

C)CD8+ T cells are MHC I restricted

D)MHC II molecule is present on macrophages dentride cells B cells endothelial cells, and fibroblasts

E)Class II genes code for complemant components C3 and
C4 of classical pathway

A

A)MHC I molecule is present on all the nucleated cells, platelets and mature red blood cells

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4
Q

İsotype switching is?
A)the change in the class of the antibody being produced by the plasma cell
B)lack of responsiveness to an individual’s self antigens
C)reactivation of antigen receptor gene rearrangment and begin to express antigen receptor
D)associated with the activation of
CD4+ T cells
E)the diversification of antigen specificity from the initial focused

A

A)the change in the class of the antibody being produced by the plasma cell

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5
Q

Which one of the following disease is an example of the antibody-mediated hypersensitivity

A)Bronchial asthma

B) Myasthenia gravis

C) Poststreptococcal
glomerulonephritis

D)Multiple sclerosis

E) Rheumatoid arthritis

A

B) Myasthenia gravis

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6
Q

All the following statements about CD4+ helper cells are correct, except?
A)TH1 cells release IL-2 and IFN-y which cause cytotoxic T cell activation and granuloma formation
B)TH2 cells release IL-4 and IL-5 which cause IgA production
C)TH2 cells have a role in defence against helminth parasites
D)TH17 cells have a role in defense against fungi and extracellular bacteria
E)TH2 cells are related to macrophage activation and autoimmune diseases

A

E)TH2 cells are related to macrophage activation and autoimmune diseases

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7
Q

What is the difference of natural killer cell from cytotoxic T cell?
A)Binds only to antigens presented with class II MHC molecules
B)Not mediated by an immune response, and does not involve an antigen antibody interaction
C)Has presence of CD40 ligand on their surface which is required for BR cell activation
D)Has to receive additional signal, signal 2, provide by antigen-presenting cells
E)Cause the activation of NF-kb ( master switch to the nuclear) and
AP-1

A

B)Not mediated by an immune response, and does not involve an antigen antibody interaction

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8
Q

72)Which one of the following is the best indicator of antibody mediated (humoral) graft rejection?
A) Cyanotic and mottled kidney in gross examination
B)C4d deposition in peritubular
capillaries and glomeruli
C) Interstitial inflammation and tubular inflammation
D) Dense obliterative internal fibrosis in the cortical arteries
E)Neutrophils within arterioles, glomeruli and peritubular capillaries and fibrin-platelet thrombi in vessel wall

A

B)C4d deposition in peritubular
capillaries and glomeruli

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9
Q

Autoimmunity results from multiple factors, including susceptibility genes. Which one of the following gene is the most frequently implicated Non MHc
gene?
A)PTPN22
B)CTLA4
C)NOD2
D)IL23R
EATG16

A

A)PTPN22

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10
Q

All the folloing statements about
AIDS is correct, except?

A)In acute stage mostly macrophage affected, in chronic stage mostly THI cells affacted

B)Defective CCR5 receptors lead to prorective effect of providing resistance to the development of
AIDS
C) The risk of transmission of HIV
+ HIV iS 0.3% with needle stick injury whereas the risk of hepatts B is 30% HIV infection cannot be transmitted by casual personal contact in the home, workolace. school

D) The viral envelope has two glycoproteins (gp120 and gp41) u required for HIV infection cells

E) CNS lymphoma is the most common cancer seen in patients having AIDS

A

E) CNS lymphoma is the most common cancer seen in patients having AIDS

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11
Q

75)All of the following matched
‘pairs in amyloidosis are correct, except?
A) Primary Amyloidosis: B cell neoplasm, AL
B)Secondary Amyloidosis: Chronic inflammation, AA
C) Chronic renal failure: AB2m D)Alzheimer disease: ACal
E) Familial mediterranean fever,
AA involvement of pyria

A

D)Alzheimer disease: ACal

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12
Q

76)Which one of the following is not an example of disease with granulomatous inflammation?
A) Cat scratch disease
B)Leprosy
C)Syphilis
D)collagen vascular disease
E)Crohn disease

A

D)collagen vascular disease

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13
Q

Which one of the following is the most prevalent preventable cause of human death?
A)Smoking
B)Air pollution
C)Dietary insufficiency
D)Obesity
E)Injury by Physical Agents

A

A)Smoking

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14
Q

Which one of the following define the appearance of amyloid?

A)Pink red color under normal light microscopy and apple green birefringence in the polarized light

B)Dark black in color and are visible within macrophages microscopically

C)Golden yellow to brown, granular, or crystalline pigment

D)Has a basophilic, amorphous granular, sometimes clumped appearance

E)Appear as a structureless collective of fragmented or lysed cells and amorphous

A

A)Pink red color under normal light microscopy and apple green birefringence in the polarized light

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15
Q

45)Of the following is not a MHC 1 component ?
A)Monocytes
B)Mature Red blood cell and trophoblasts

A

B)Mature Red blood cell and trophoblasts

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16
Q

49)Toll receptor stimulate immunity by ?

Producing cytotoxic granules perforins and granzymes

A

Producing cytotoxic granules perforins and granzymes

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17
Q

50)which reacts against a transplanted organ ?

infused donor T lymphocytes (CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells) reacting against the recipient’s tissues/organs

A

infused donor T lymphocytes (CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells) reacting against the recipient’s tissues/organs

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18
Q

53)Which is associated with HIV?
A)Cd8 ,ccr5
B)Cd4,ccr5

A

B)Cd4,ccr5

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19
Q

56)Select the mechanism of hypersensitivity bee sting
A)Antibody mediated -2
B) immediate -1
C) cell mediated 4
D)immun complex 3
E)autoimmune

A

B) immediate -1

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20
Q

Familiar Mediterranean fever amyloid
A) ATTRO
B) A beta 2 m
C) AA
D) AL
E) A beta

A

C) AA

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21
Q

70 yasinda adam, kronik cough, fever. Langhans giant cell.type of hypersensitivity immun cevap?

…-t-cell mediated hypersensitivity

A

…-t-cell mediated hypersensitivity

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22
Q

Heterotopia is…

A

..?- –microscopically normal cells or tissues that are present in abnormal
locations

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23
Q

Pediatric tumorler ile alakali yanlis olan?-

-.-WT1 mutations are releated to retinoblastomas

Related to wilms’ tumor

A

-.-WT1 mutations are releated to retinoblastomas

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24
Q

Amyloidin görüntüsunde yanlis olan?—

-congo red stain on polarizing microscopy-.-blue
birefringence

A

-congo red stain on polarizing microscopy-.-blue
birefringence

25
Q

immun sistem ile alakali yanlis olan?- -MHC-II molecule is present on all the nucleated cells and
platelets

A

-MHC-II molecule is present on all the nucleated cells and
platelets

26
Q

Innate immunitenin komponenti olmayan?-..

cellular (or cell mediated) and humoral immunity

A

..cellular (or cell mediated) and humoral immunity

27
Q

granulomatöz reaksiyon gözükmeyen?-
-bee stings

A

-bee stings

28
Q

-cevap

deposition of the complement breakdown product C4d

A
29
Q

Cevaplar ezberleme

-Kupffer’s cell

Suppurative(purulent) infection

A
30
Q

What type of hypersensitivity is seen in myastgenia gravis?

A

Antibody mediated hypersensitivity

2

31
Q

Most common viral antigen used for diagnosis of HIV in blood before transfusion is

A

P24

32
Q

70 year old man has chronic cough with? for several months. The chest radiograph reveals a diffuse reticulonodular pattern. Microscopically on transbronchial biopsy there are focal areas of inflammation containin epitheloid cell granuloma, Langhans giant cells and lymphocytes. These findings are typical for which type of hypersensitivity immunologic response?

Type IV

A

Type IV

33
Q

All of the following viruses can stimulate cell groth and can transform infected cells into malignant tumor cells except?

A. Human papilloma virus - HPV-
B. Epstein Barr Virus -EBV-
C. Human Herpes Virus-8 -HHV8-
D. Hepatitis C virus
E. Influenza virus A

A

E. Influenza virus A

34
Q

All of the following diseases of microorganisms are associated with granulomas reaction except?
A. M. tuberculosis -
B. M. leprae -
C. T. pallidum
D. Cat Scratch disease
E. Candida albicans

A

E. Candida albicans

35
Q

Toll like receptors recognize bacterial products and stimulates immune response by

Transcription of nuclear factor mediated by NFxB which recrults cytokine

A

Transcription of nuclear factor mediated by NFxB which recrults cytokine

36
Q

Antigen presenting cells present in skin are called?

A

Langerhans cell

37
Q

Cell surface molecules involved in peripheral tolarence induction are:

A

B7 - CD28

38
Q

Primary amiloidosis is associated with

A

AL

39
Q

HIV nereye baglanir?

Cevap: CD4 protein found on surface of T cell & macrophage

A

CD4 protein found on surface of T cell & macrophage

40
Q

Asagidakilerden hangisi HIV enfeksiyonlarinda hipergamaglobulinemi mekanizmasini açiklar?

A

gp41 and increased amounts of IL-6

41
Q

Prion nedir?

Cevap: Abnormal forms of cellular protein

A

Abnormal forms of cellular protein

42
Q

(Which of the following cause hypergammaglobinemia?)

Cevap: Aktif T hücrelerden IL-6 salgilanma mekanizmasi

A

Aktif T hücrelerden IL-6 salgilanma mekanizmasi

43
Q

Tuberculin skin test is used to determine if a patient has ever been exposed to M.Tuberculosis.

Cevap
Spesific T cells recognazing the processed..

A

Spesific T cells recognazing the processed..

44
Q

HIV beyne nasil ulasir? ( How does HIV virus reach brain? )
a) Microglia
b) Monocytes

A

b) Monocytes

45
Q

All of the following statements about HIV infection are correct except?

A) Candidiasis is the most common fungal opportunistic infection in patients with AIDS
B) HIV encephalitis, is characterized by microglial nodule, is neither specific nor diagnostic.
C) HIV infects cells by using the CD4 molecule as receptor, and CCR5 and CXCR4 chemokine v receptors as coreceptors
D) Kaposi sarcoma is the most common neoplasm in patients with AIDS
E) The initial step in infection is the binding of the gP120 envelope glycoprotein to CD4 molecules.

A

B) HIV encephalitis, is characterized by microglial nodule, is neither specific nor diagnostic.

46
Q

What determines if a leprosy infection will be tuberculoid?

A) T-helper 1 response
B) Ineffective T-helper 17 response
C) Activation of B Lymphocytes
D) Activated CD8+ T lymphocytes
E) IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 levels

A

A) T-helper 1 response

47
Q

Select the mechanism of hypersensitivity reaction that is most likely to be associated with tuberculosis
A) antibody-mediated hypersensitivity
B). immediate hypersensilivity
C) cell-mediated hypersensitivity
D) immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity
E) autoimmune reaction d

A

C) cell-mediated hypersensitivity

48
Q

Which one of the following tumor is the most common neoplasm in patients with AIDS?
A) body cavity-based primary effusion lymphoma
B) primary central nervous system lymphoma
C) Kaposi sarcoma
D) carcinoma of the uterine cervix
E) anal carcinoma

A

C) Kaposi sarcoma

49
Q

Which one of the following determines the pattern of leprosy ?
A) T-helper lymphocyte response to M.leprae
B) neuronal involvement
C) shape and distribution of the skin lesions
D) granulomatous inflammation
E) nerve degeneration

A

A) T-helper lymphocyte response to M.leprae

50
Q

Which of the foflowing receptors are the most important for the selective tropisim in the infection of cells by HIV ?
A) CDB. CXCRA
B) CD4, CCR5
C) CD4, 9P41
D) CO4. gp 120
E) CD8. CCR5

A

B) CD4, CCR5

51
Q

Cevap

Tuberculin skin reaction is an example of type l (immediate) hypersensitivity reaction

A

Tuberculin skin reaction is an example of type l (immediate) hypersensitivity reaction

52
Q

graft vs host disease happens due to what cells reactions?

A)T cells
B)NK cells
C)Plasma cells
D)B cells

A

A)T cells

53
Q

Crohn’s disease tariflenmis, hangisi yanlistir? -

Smoking is thoguht to be protective against this disease

A

Smoking is thoguht to be protective against this disease

54
Q

50- HIV has a special affinity for
a) CD4 protein found on surface of T cells & macrophage
b) CD1a protein found on surface of dendritic cells
c) CD8 protein found on surface of T cells
d) Toll-like receptors
e) CD16 molecule found awn surface of Natural Killer cells

A

a) CD4 protein found on surface of T cells & macrophage

55
Q

An elderly men from the Mediterrian .. presenting with erythematous or vio… patches on the lower extremities. A …. shows spindle cells forming slits contain… blood cells. Mitotic activity is moderate … pleomorphism is minimal. The tumor is high .. vascular, containing abnormality dense and … irregular blood vessels, which leak red blood .. into the surrounding tissue. Spindle cells are positive for CD31 and HHV8. The most likely diagnosis is
a) Hemangiopericytoma
b) Bacillary angiomatosis
c) Arteriovenous malformation
d) Kaposi’s Sarcoma
e) Hemangioma

A

d) Kaposi’s Sarcoma

56
Q

35 year-old male presents with a firm, painiess, non-_itchy skin ulceration, which involves his penis, for the past 1 week. Dark field microscopy shows spirochaetes, which contain Treponema pallidum. In the biopsy, the most likely finding is
A) suppurative granuloma
B) granuloma with caseous necrosis
C) acute inflammation with abscess formation
D) obliterative endarteritis with perivascular

A

C) acute inflammation with abscess formation

57
Q

All of the following statements about HIV infection are correct except?

A)HIV encephalitis, is characterized by microglial nodule, is neither specific non diagnostic.

B) HIV infects cells by using the CD4 molecule as receptor, and CCR5 and CXCR4 chemokine receptors as coreceptors

C) Kaposi sarcoma is the most common neoplasm in patients with AIDS

D) The initial step in infection is the binding of the gp120 envelope glycoprotein to CD4 molecules.

E) Candidiasis is the most common fungal opportunistic infection in patients with AIDS

A

A)HIV encephalitis, is characterized by microglial nodule, is neither specific non diagnostic.

58
Q

All of the following statements about granulomas are
correct except?

A)Granulomas with caseation necrosis and Langhans giant cells–Tuberculosis

B)Granulomas with central coagulation necrosis,obliterative endarteritis and plasma cells – Syphilis

C)Granulomas that is found in the skin with nerve damage-~ Leprosy

D) Granulomas that is found in the wall of the intestines -Cat-scratch disease

E)Granulomas with giant cells that contain Asteroid and Schumann bodies—Sarcoidosis

A

D) Granulomas that is found in the wall of the intestines -Cat-scratch disease

59
Q

Which single cell of the inflamation is best suited to establish a granuloma diagnosis?
A) neutrophil
B) epithelioid macrophage
C} lymphocvte
D) fibroblast
E plasma cell

A

B) epithelioid macrophage

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