Beta Lactam Cephalosphorin Flashcards
Parent compound of cephalosporin
7 amino-cephalosporanic acid
Cephalosporin generally more effective than Penicillinsagainst B-lactamase-producing microbes
except enterococci,
Methicillin-resistant Staph.
Aureus and Staph epidermidis
Good activity vs gm (+) & modest vs gm (-) microbes ( ex: strep, staph, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis) and anaerobes ( ex: peptococci, peptostreptococci)
•Penetration to the CSF is inadequate
First generation of cephalosporin
Oral drugs used for the treatment of UTI, for minor staphylococcal lesions, or for minor polymicrobial infections such as cellulitis or soft tissue abscess
First generation of cephalosporin
penetrates well into most tissues-the drug of choice for surgical prophylaxis
1st gen
Cefazolin
only first generation parenteral cephalosphorin
•Alternative to an antistaphylococcal penicillin
1st gen
Cefazolin
Better activity vs anaerobes
•first gen drugs activity but with extended gm (-) coverage (beta-lactamase-producing
Second generation cephalosporin
Clinical uses: sinusitis, otitis
2ndgeneration
B. fragilis and some serratia strains (mixed anaerobic infections like peritonitis, diverticulitis, PID) ; colorectal surgery
2nd gen
Cefoxitin,
cefmetazole and
cefotetan
H. influenzae,
M. catarrhalis
2nd gen
Cefamandole, cefuroxime, cefonicid, ceforanide & cefaclor
pneumococcus
–crosses the BBB & for community-acquired pneumonia
2nd gen
Cefuroxime
less active than the first generation vs gm (+) cocci but most active against gram (-) including B-lactamase-producing strains
3rd generation
DOC P. meningitis)–more active against Pseudomonas
3rd gen
Cefoperazone,
Ceftazidime
active against anaerobes
3rd gen
Cefoperazone,
Cefotaxime
active against B. fragilis
3rd gen
Ceftizoxime
and monolactam
meningitis caused by pneumococci, meningocci, H. influenzae& susceptible gram (-) enteric rods Penicillin resistant strains of pneumococci
3rd gen
Ceftriaxone & cefotaxime+ vancomycinand ampicillin
B. Fragilis
3rd gen
Ceftizoxime,
Moxolactam
Cross BBB except
3rd Gen
Cefoperazone,
Cefixime,
Ceftibuten and
Cefpodoxime proxetil
ORAL
3rd gen
Cefixime,
cefdinir,
ceftibuten &
cefpodoxime
N. Gonorrhea
3rd gen
Ceftriaxone (DOC) 125 mg inj. IM; and Cefixime, single 400 mg
DOC severe Lyme disease
3rd gen
Ceftriaxone
DOC for Klebsiella, Enterobacteriaceae, Proteus, Providencia, Serratia, Haemophilus
3rd gen
3rdgen cephalosporin: +/-aminoglycosides
3 rd generation with ____________for Rx of meningitis caused by P. aeruginosa
aminoglycoside
3rd gen with__________ for meningitis due to non-penicillin susceptible pneumococci
Vancomycin
has failed pneumococcal meningitis
3rd gen
Cefatoxime
More resistant to hydrolysis by chromosomal B-lactamases (eg. those produced by Enterobacter) but can be hydrolyzed by extended spectrum B-lactamases
Fourth gen
Penetrates CSF
4th gen
Highly active against Haemophilus and Neisseria
4th gen
prodrug of ceftaroline and ceftobiprole medocaril
Ceftaroline fosamil
Cephalosporin that contains a methyl thiotetrazolegroup –cause disulfiram like reactions, hypoprothrombinemiaand bleeding disorders
AE
Cefamandole, Moxolactam, Cefmetazole, Cefoteta, Cefoperazone)
With antidote of vitamin K
interferes with platelet function, severe bleeding
AE
Moxolactam
Gonorrhea
Gonococcal urethritis, disseminated gonococcal infection
Opthalmia neonatorum
Ceftriaxone
Pneumococcal pneumonia
3rd gen or vancomycin
Pneumococcal meningitis
3rd gen + vancomycin
Salmonella
Ceftriaxone or Fluoroquinolone
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