Benzene Reactions

Question 1

Benzene to nitrobenzene + H2O

Answer 1

Nitration
Electrophillic substitution 
50C
HNO3 reagent
H2SO4 catalyst

Draw the 3 steps of the mechanism

Question 2

Benzene to bromobenzene + HBr

Answer 2

Bromination
Electrophilic substitution
Br2 reagent
FeBr3 catalyst

Draw the 3 steps of the mechanism

Question 3

Benzene to methylbenzene + HCl

Answer 3

Alkylation
CH3Cl reagent
AlCl3 catalyst

Important as it extends the carbon chain of the benzene

Question 4

Benzene to aromatic ketone + HCl

Answer 4

Acylation
Electrophilic substitution
Acyl Chloride reagent
AlCl3 catalyst

Mechanism may be needed

Question 5

Aromatic ketone to aromatic alcohol + BH3 + Na salt

Answer 5

Reduction
Nucleophilic addition
NaBH4
CHECK

Question 6

Nitrobenzene + 6[H] to phenylamine + 2H2O

Answer 6

1) Nitrobenzene heated under reflux with tin and conc. HCl to form the ammonium salt, phenylammonium chloride.
2) salt then reacts with excess NaOH to produce the aromatic amine

Question 7

Phenylamine to 2,4,6-tribromophenylamine + 3HBr

Answer 7

3Br2 reagent