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Chemistry > ALL organic Reaction > Flashcards

ALL organic Reaction Flashcards

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1
Q

Alkane to CO2 + H2O

A

Combustion
O2 reagent
Burn

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2
Q

Alkane to haloalkane

A

Free radical substitution
Cl2 reagent
UV light

Draw mechanism for methane with Cl2

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3
Q

Alkene to alkane

A 
Addition
Hydrogenation
H2 reagent
150C
Nickel catalyst
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4
Q

Alkene to haloalkane

A

Addition

Hydrogen halide catalyst

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5
Q

Alkene to 1,2-dibromoethane (include observation)

A

Electrophilic Addition
Br2 reagent

Observation - bromine decolourised
Outline the mechanism using ethane and Br2

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6
Q

What do you need for addition polymerisation?

A

Many monomers

High temperature, pressure

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7
Q

Alkene to alcohol

A 
Addition
Hydration
STEAM (h20 gaseous) reagent
300C
H3PO4 catalyst
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8
Q

Alcohol to alkene

A

Elimination
Dehydration
170C
Concentrated H3PO4 catalyst

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9
Q

Glucose to alcohol

A

Fermentation
Yeast reagent
37C (or enzyme will denature)
Warm

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10
Q

Alcohol to haloalkane

A

Substitution
NaBr and H2SO4 react in situ to form the HBr reagent and NaHSO4
Reflux the alcohol with the NaBr and H2SO4

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11
Q

Haloalkane to alcohol

A

Nucleophilic substitution
NaOH reagent
Reflux
Outline the mechanism for cloroethane with NaOH

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12
Q

Alcohol to aldehyde

Observation

A 
Mild oxidation
K2Cr2O7/H2SO4 (symbolised by [O])
Distillation
Dichromate ions turn orange to green 
Makes H2O aswell
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13
Q

Alcohol to Carboxylic Acid

A 
Full oxidation
K2Cr2O7/H2SO4 (symbolised by 2[O])
Reflux
Dichromate ions turn orange to green 
Makes H2O aswell
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14
Q

Secondary alcohol to ketone

A 
Full oxidation
K2Cr2O7/H2SO4 (symbolised by [O])
Reflux
Dichromate ions turn orange to green 
Makes H2O aswell
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15
Q

Alcohol to ester

A

Esterification
Carboxylic Acid reagent
Warm
Concentrated H2SO4 catalyst

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16
Q

Aldehyde/ketone to alcohol

A 
Reduction
NaBH4 reagent (NaBH4/H2O on arrow and represented by 2[H]) 
Outline the mechanism with ethyl Ethanoate
17
Q

Ester to carboxylate salt + alcohol

A

Alkaline Hydrolysis
NaOH reagent
Reflux with the NaOH
Concentrated H2SO4 catalyst

18
Q

Ester to Carboxylic Acid + alcohol

A

Acid hydrolysis
H2O reagent
Reflux with dilute Acid

19
Q

Carboxylic Acid to Acyl Chloride + SO2 + HCl

A 
SOCl2 reagent (Thionyl Chloride)
Do in fume cupboard as SO2 produced
20
Q

Acyl Chloride to Carboxylic Acid + HCl

Observation

A

H2O reagent

Steamy fumes of HCl

21
Q

Acyl Chloride to ester + HCl

A

Alcohol reagent

22
Q

Acyl Chloride to primary amide + HCl

A

Ammonia reagent

23
Q

Acyl Chloride to secondary amide + HCl

A

Primary amine reagent

24
Q

What if you reacted Acyl Chloride with 2NH3

A

Creates the primary amine but also NH4Cl

25
Q

What if you reacted Acyl Chloride with 2CH3NH2?

A

It creates CH3NH3+CL- (see p470)

26
Q

Haloalkane to a nitrile compound

A

NaCN reagent

Reflux

27
Q

Nitrile to primary amine

A

H2 reagent

Nickel catalyst

28
Q

Haloalkane to Amine

A

Conc. XS NH3 reagent
With ethanol solvent
Warm

Conditions- ethanol used as a solvent ( prevents substitution of the haloalkane by water to produce alcohols)
excess ammonia is used. This reduces further substitution of the amine group to form secondary and tertiary amines

29
Q

Nitrile to Carboxylic Acid

A

Hydrolysis
HCl/H2O reagent
Heat

30
Q

Aldehyde or ketone to a nitrile

A

HCN reagent
It is created by reacting H2SO4/NaCN (go on arrow in equation)
Very useful as increases the carbon chain

31
Q

Hydrolysis definition

A

Chemical breakdown of a compound when water is added

32
Q

Oxides are…

A

SOLID

Chemistry (9 decks)

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