Benign Conditions of Large Bowel Flashcards
give some examples of common diseases of the large bowel
- carcinoma of the colon and rectum
- colonic polyps
- Crohn’s colitis and ulcerative colitis
- diverticular disease
- functional disease
give examples of less common diseases of the large bowel
- colonic volvulus
- colonic angiodysplasia
- ischaemic colitis
- pseudo-obstruction
what is diverticular disease?
when small bulges or pockets (diverticula) develop in the lining of the intestine. (mucosal herniation through muscle coat)
what is diverticulitis?
inflammation of the mucsosal hernias
what are clinical features of diverticulitis?
- LIF pain/tenderness
- spetic
- altered bowel movement
what are complications of diverticular disease?
- pericolic abscess
- perforation
- haemorrhage
- fistula
- stricture
what is the treatment for uncomplicated diverticulitis?
IV fluids
bowel rest
IV antibiotics
what is the treatment of complicated diverticulitis?
- percutaneous drainage
- Hartmann’s procedure
- Laparoscopic Lavage and Drainage
- primary resection/anastomosis
what are the causes of acute and chronic colitis?
- infective colitis
- ulcerative colitis
- Crohn’s disease
- Ischeamic colitis
what are the symptoms of acute and chronic colitis?
- diarrhoea
- abdominal cramps
- dehydration
- sepsis
- weight loss. anaemia
how would you diagnose acute and chronic colitis?
- plain X-ray
- sigmoidoscopy + biopsy
- stool cultures
- barium enema
what is the treatment of ulcerative colitis/Crohn’s colitis?
- IV fluids
- IV steroids; once infective/ischaemic colitis is rules out
- GI rest
who gets ischaemic colitis?
- elderly
- arteriopaths
what is ischaemic colitis and what is it caused by?
- inflammation or injury, preventing blood flow
- acute or chronic occlusion
- normally of inferior mesenteric artery
what is colonic angiodysplasia?
vascular malformation of the gut
- usually right side
