Belonging (7)

Question 1

need to belong

Answer 1

defined as a pervasive drive to form and maintain lasting, positive interpersonal relationships (also as a need for affiliation or relatedness)

Question 2

Core motives should elicit goal-oriented behavior (Belonging)

Answer 2

• > Humans have the tendency to form bonds quickly and easily with caregivers, group members, and acquaintances
• > they are reluctant to sever a relationship
• > if need goes unfulfilled, they seek affilitian out with others ( a rebound relationship, social snacking)

Question 3

Core motives should be adaptive and beneficial (Belonging)

Answer 3

belonging has been shown to be necessary for…

1. mental health and well-being
2. as well as physical health

Question 4

Core motives should be universal (Belonging)

Answer 4

-> People in every society on the planet belong to small groups that involve personal, face-to-face interactions

Question 5

cultural differences (belonging)

Answer 5

1. Western cultures tend to seek loose relationships

2. Estaern cultures tend to seek secure, tight relationships

Question 6

individual differences (belonging)

Answer 6

1. Some poeple have a stronger “affiliation motive”

2. Men focus on loose bonds with large groups, women prefer tight, intimate relationships

Question 7

Belonging in the brain

Answer 7

1. Human brain systems were craeted to monitor and respond to social info
2. thinking about poeple (belonging) = thinking about rewards

Question 8

Relational value

Answer 8

The degree to which other people value interacting with and having a relationship with us

Question 9

Behaviors to increase our relational value

Answer 9

1. helping others
2. behaving aggresively
3. cosmetic surgery
4. eating disorder

Question 10

Sociometer theory

Answer 10

• Self-esteem acts like a psychological gauge (Messgerät) that monitors the quality of our relationships
• The sociometer monitors one’s social relationships and gives a warning via low self-esteem when one is in danger of being rejected

Question 11

Belonging is a two-way street

Answer 11

1. We must try to relate with others

2. We need those others to want to relate with us

Question 12

Self-preservation (convince other’s that we posses qualities that make us a good friend)

Answer 12

1. Likeability

2. Competence

Question 13

Factors that increase likeability

Answer 13

1. Similarity (matching hypothesis)

2. Utilize ingratiation (flattery, praise)

Question 14

Competence (Belonging)

Answer 14

we strive for succes not just for its won sake but because achievement results in acceptance from others (high comptetence -> high relational value)

Question 15

Minimal group paradigm

Answer 15

Groups are created from the most minimal of conditions

Question 16

Why are we willing to form groups?

Answer 16

1. Social identity theory
2. Terror management theory
3. Optimal distinctiveness theory

Question 17

In-group favoritism

Answer 17

Once these minimal groups are created, people start to show preferential treatment toward their in-group and hostile/prejudiced treatment toward their out-group

Question 18

Social identity theory (SIT)

Answer 18

We form groups quickly and display in-group favoritism because our groups represent a major source of self-esteem

Question 19

Terror management theory

Answer 19

People cope with the inherent fear (“terror”) of their own death by promoting and defending the groups and institutions to which they belong

Question 20

Optimal distinctivness theory

Answer 20

Humans constantly experience a tension between these two opposing desires. Assimilation Differentiation

Question 21

Octracism

Answer 21

occurs whenever an individual or a group ignores, rejects, or excludes someone

Question 22

Consequences of rejection

Answer 22

1. internal reaction (Hurt feelings, Emotional numbness, cognitive impairment)
2. behavioral reaction( Agression, impaired self-regulation)
3. Long-term reaction (shame, humiliation, Low self-esteem, depression, self-destruction)

Question 23

Why does social rejection hurt?

Answer 23

The same brain regions responsible for detecting physical pleasure and pain are also responsible for detecting social pleasure (acceptance) and social pain

Question 24

Self-regulation

Answer 24

refers to people’s capacity to alter their own responses

o When self-regulation is weakened, we are more likely to give up on our goals and succumb to temptations

Question 25

Belonging and oxytocin

Answer 25

Ocytocin is a neurochemical that plays a role in social affiliation and pair bonding among animals and humas

• > helps people to
  1. recall faces
  2. trust other people

Question 26

Operatationalization of mortality salience in empirical research

Answer 26

1. Watching a holocaust documentary
2. Answering questions in front of cemetery
3. Essay what will happen when to die