Autonomy (lecture 5)

Question 1

Autonomy

Answer 1

desire for freedom, personal control, and free choice

Question 2

Panic button effect

Answer 2

• > Delivering loud noise blasts while participants were trying to solve a puzzle task
• > given the “panic button” option exhibited less stress and better performance on the puzzle task

Question 3

Core human motives should elicit goal-oriented behavior (autonomy)

Answer 3

Participants who felt they lacked autonomy were more interested in pursuing activities that would restore their autonomy

Question 4

Core motives should be adaptive and beneficial

Answer 4

1. Fulfilling their need for autonomy -> higher self-esteem
2. Goal performance is better
3. autonomy increases brain-based sensitivity to failure

Question 5

Core motives should be universal

Answer 5

Greater autonmy was associtaed wiht greater well-being (diverse samples)

Question 6

Attributions

Answer 6

The beliefs regarding the cause of behavior or outcome

Question 7

When do we search for causal attributions?

Answer 7

when an outcome is…

1. Unexpected
2. Important
3. Negative

Question 8

Locus of control (Rotter)

Answer 8

1. Internal

2. External

Question 9

Internal locus of control

Answer 9

more likely to make internal attributions and therefore feel more in control of their successes and failures

Question 10

External locus of control

Answer 10

more likely to make external attributions and therefore feel less in control of their successes and failures

Question 11

The Overjustification effect

Answer 11

The reduction in motivation that occurs when people are given an extrinsic reward for doing something that they already intrinsically enjoyed doing

Question 12

illsuion of control

Answer 12

The perception of having control is more important than actually having control (e.g., the panic button effect)

Question 13

depressive realism

Answer 13

People who suffer from depression hold a more accurate perception of their abilities and the amount of control they have over their surroundings

Question 14

unrealistically positive terms

Answer 14

Mentally healthy people hold positive illusions, and they are more likely than people who suffer from mental disorders to view themselves in unrealistic positive terms

Question 15

magical thinking

Answer 15

Beliefs in superstitious acts, the afterlife, and psi-phenomenon
-> people think they have more control

Question 16

Other types of magical thinking deriving from the illusion of control

Answer 16

1. Tempting fate

2. Mind control

Question 17

Response to a lack of control

Answer 17

psychological Reactance

Question 18

Reactance

Answer 18

When people feel as if their freedom is being taken away, they often reassert their autonomy by doing exactly the opposite of what was requested

Question 19

Learned helplessness

Answer 19

• > normal response

- > generalizes beyond immediate situations

Question 20

When are we willing to give the control to someone else?

Answer 20

1. other are more knowledgeable
2. others are more skilled
3. others are more lucky

Question 21

number of choices

two types of poeple

Answer 21

1. Satisficer

2. Maximiser

Question 22

Two dimensions of attribution

Answer 22

1. Locus

2. Stability

Question 23

determining the cause of behavior

Answer 23

whether it is our own behvaior or someone else’s -> helps us to be more autonomous (beliefs regarding the cause of behavior/outcome = attribution)

Question 24

Attribution (depending on the two dimensions) -> Four possibilities

Answer 24

1. Ability (internal, stable)
2. Effort (internal, unstable)
3. Difficulty (External, stable)
4. Luck (External, unstable)