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NSCI Midterm > Being Water Wise > Flashcards

Being Water Wise Flashcards

1
Q

What is earth’s water budget?

A

2.6% of freshwater is found in all water. Out of the freshwater, 0.6% is ground water and 2% is from ice caps and glaciers. 0.014% is readily accessible fresh water including lakes, rivers, etc.

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2
Q

How many gallons of water does an individual use in one day?

A

150

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3
Q

How many chemicals are we exposed to?

A

up to 160,000

80,000 since WWII

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4
Q

water pollution

A

any physical, biological, or chemical change in water quality that adversely affects living organisms; makes water unsuitable for desired uses

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5
Q

point source

A

a single, identifiable source of pollution

Example: pollution from a particular factory, pipe, or drain is running out to rivers/the sea

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6
Q

nonpoint source

A

occurs over a wide area; cannot pinpoint the source

Examples:

  1. Stormwater from street surfaces can be contaminated with car oil
  2. soil and sediment run-off from construction sites
  3. run-off of septic tank
  4. pesticides, fertilisers, animal manure and soil washed into streams in rainfall run-off.
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7
Q

type of water pollutant that remains an important threat to human health

A

infectious agents

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8
Q

type of water pollutant detected by measuring oxygen levels

A

bacteria

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9
Q

type of water pollutant that includes metals, salts, acids, and bases

A

inorganic pollutant

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10
Q

type of water pollutant that includes pesticides and other industrial substances

A

organic pollutants

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11
Q

how many tons of organic pollutants is produced per year? (includes pesticides and other industrial substances)

A

500,000 metric tons

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12
Q

type of water pollutant that is dangerous for organisms

A

thermal pollution ( higher temp of water because of using water as a coolant)

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13
Q

What does FLOW stand for?

A

For the love of water

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14
Q

How much regulation is there with bottled water?

A

very little; the chances of tap water being better regulated (in terms of what is in there, and what shouldn’t be in there) is much better regulated than bottled water.

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15
Q

In the documentary FLOW, which financial institution (bank) was referenced?

A

International monetary fund and World bank (control dams and water control projects)

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16
Q

In the documentary FLOW, which multi-million dollar industries for bottled water were included for exploiting water resources?

A
  1. Nestle (transnational company) Swiss owner of Perrier and arrow head bought wilderness and began pumping water, causing streams (in Michigan) to become dry - then sold bottled water to those who should/could be paying it for free from their own faucets.
  2. Coca-Cola
  3. Pepsi

(Also in Swiss, France)

17
Q

Who should pay for the water?

Public or private owner ship?

A

Privitization of water: Around the world, multinational corporations are seizing control of public water resources and prioritizing profits over the needs of the communities they serve.

Private companies like nestle/coca cola buy wilderness and pump water, causing streams to become dry - then sell bottled water to those who should/could be paying it for free from their own faucets. Fresh water supply constantly diminishes.

Private ownership leads to tariff increases and has turned a public good into a private good. They abuse the water supply because of corporate greed.

18
Q

Hydrological Poverty

A

Water short countries, because of the increasing population growth.

Earth Policy Institute Projects that by 2050, countries will add millions to their current population:

India: 519 M
China: 211 M
Pakistan: 200-348 M
Egypt, Iran, Mexico: More than 1/2

19
Q

How many people die each year due to water related reasons?

A

3.4 Million

99% in developing world

20
Q

How many people lack access to clean water sources?

A 
750 Million
(our 5 minute shower uses more water than an average person in a developing country uses an entire day)
21
Q

Water and Sanitation Crisis (in the world)

A

kills more people through diseases than any war.

22
Q

When did the governor declare a drought/water Crisis in California?

A

January 17th, 2014

(CA is #1 agricultural exporter for more than 50 years, with 87,500 farms, 20% of the nation’s milk,, grows more that 50% of fruits, nuts, veggies, grapes)

23
Q

How much water is used in homes, agriculture, and in the industry?

A

10% (homes)
70% (agriculture)
20% (industry)

24
Q

What does NRW stand for?

A

non revenue water

25
Q

Non-revenue water

A

is produced and lost before it reaches customers, largely through leaks.

26
Q

What % of (NRW) water produced is lost through leaks worldwide?

A

more than 30%

UN says 25%, but countries can go up to 60%

27
Q

How much US dollars is lost worldwide because of NRW?

A

$14 billion

28
Q

What is the % of US pipes that are at least 40-80 years old, leading to NRW?

A

30%

29
Q

sinkholes

natural vs human caused

A

pits in the ground that form in areas where water gathers without external drainage; gapping holes due to collapse of upper terrain due to emptied water table

natural: natural erosion, natural chemical reactions
human: drilling, vibrations, vehicle traffic, broken pipes

30
Q

Ocean pollution

A

Some pollutants degrade and dilute in oceans; ocean dumping.

example: Great pacific patch

31
Q

What is a large pool of plastic and other wastes in northern Pacific Ocean referred to?

A

Great Pacific Patch/The Pacific Trash Vortex

32
Q

Charles Moore

A

the scientist, surfer, and sailor who went and discovered the Great Pacific Patch in 1997

33
Q

How much does bottled water cost, compared to tap water?

A

300 times as much ($1.22 per gallon)

34
Q

How much money did the bottled water industry gross in 2012?

A

$11.8 billion

35
Q

Since 1991, how much have we increased our bottled water consumption?

A

triple the amount

36
Q

In bottled water consumption, the US is in ____ place after Mexico, Italy, Thailand, UAE

A

11th

37
Q

What 5 things can you do to prevent water pollution?

A
  1. fertilize with manure instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer
  2. no applying fertilizer/pesticide near a body of water
  3. grow or buy organic foods
  4. no flushing unwanted medicine in the toilet
  5. no pouring pesticides, paints, oil, chemicals down the drain or onto the ground

NSCI Midterm (10 decks)

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