Behavourist Approach Flashcards
What does it suggests and who made it ?
- suggest that we are a product of our environment and experiences (nurture)
-born a blank slate
JB Watson
What is classical conditioning and who ?
Learning by association - Pavlov
Pavlov study
Kept bringing dogs food after they rang a bell and they would salivate.
Then they started to salivate at the sound of the bell as they assassinated the pleasure of food with the bell.
Food (UCS) Bell (CS)
Salivating (UCR). ——> Bell (NS) ——> Salivating (CR)
Positive of Pavlov study
Real life application - can be used to treat addiction using avast on therapy - chip in stomach throw up when they drink alcohol. Associate alcohol with throwing up - stop drinking it.
- scientific controlled lab study
little Albert study
> Watson and rayner
-Lil Albert has no phobia of any animals gave him white rat and not fear.
-gave him white rat, every time he went to grab it they hit metal bar with hammer to make loud noise.
Noise (UCS). Rat (CS)
fear (UCR). Rat (NS). Fear (CR)
Associated rat with noise, created phobia
Lil Albert Evaluation
✖️- ethical issues- psychological harm
- pavlovs done on animals
-Environmentlly deterministic- no free will product of environment
-can’t learn all behaviours eg schizophrenia
✔️-used to explain phobias
- Influential As has real life applications eg therapy for phobias
-evasion therapy
-done on people so applicable
-scientific
What is operant conditioning and who ?
Behaviour is learnt As a result of rewards and consequences
- positive and negative reinforcement and punishments
-Skinner
Reinforcement
Anything that ^ the likelihood of a behaviour being repeated.
Positive reinforcement
Anything that ^ likelihood of behaviour being repeated by using pleasant consequences eg dog getting treat for sitting make them do it again.
Negative reinforcement
Anything that ^ likelihood of behaviour being repeated by removing unpleasant consequence once they do the right thing eg no detention when you do homework
Punishment
Decrease likelihood of incorrect behaviour being repeated by using unpleasant consequence. Eg detention when late to school
Skinner box
Rats in box - animals learn to press button to get food (positive reinforcement) and stop pulling lever cause they will get shocked (negative reinforcement).
Food positive consequence of behaviour so they repeat it and press button, again.
When they go to the wrong place they get shocked to encourage the, to not move there and go to button. Shock is punishment. Not going to the shock place to avoid punishment is negative reinforcement.
Evaluation
✔️- scientific, controlled lab experiment, empirical evidence, objective, quantitative data and replicable.
-both used for alcoholics therapy
-punishment and reinforcement used in Ed (detentions and rewards) and prisoners.
✖️- research in animals not applicable to humans as they lack conscious
