Behaviours (Anti and Pro-social) Flashcards
Pro-social Behaviour
is voluntary, intentional helping behaviour or acts of kindness that are intended to benefit others. this behaviour has good consequences.
Example of Pro-social behaviour
returning a $50 note to someone who has dropped it
Altruistic behaviours
are behaviours that are maintained by the desire to help others rather than themselves- no benefit for person carrying out act
Why people act pro-socially
1- inherited 2- learned 3- empathy
Factors influence Pro-social behaviour
Social Norms Universal Norms Reciprocity Principle Social Responsibility Norm Personal Factors Empathetic Concern Personal Distress
Social norms
behaviour influenced by what we believe we should do and what we thing that other people think we should do -Social norms are redefined by society as a whole to establish acceptable behaviour in most situations
Universal Norms
example of incest -these are norms defined universally, they are required by the whole population and codified as laws
The Reciprocity Principle
do to others as they have done to you, if people help us we should help them
Social Responsibility Norm
refers to the belief everyone ought to help others who are less fortunate, most are selective with who they help
Empathetic Concern
refers to other-orientated emotions e.g. helping someone in an accident
Personal Distress
is a self-focused emotional reaction to the apprehension of another state or condition
3 Personal Factors
1-empathy
2-mood
3-competence
Personal Factor Empathy
refers to sharing of another personals emotional state -seeing someone in this state taps into our own memories of experiencing a similar even so we sympathise with them
Personal Factor Mood
people who are happy are more likely to help e.g. you don’t ask your parents for something when they are in abad mood
Personal Factor Competence
our willingness to help others is influenced by our own feelings e.g. a good swimmer is more likely to assist a person from drowning
Situational Factors affecting prosocial behaviour
1- noticing situation
2- interpreting situation
3- taking responsibility for helping
Anti-social behaviour
it is voluntary, intentional behaviour that is designed to hurt or cause harm to another either physically or psychologically -can be anything from ignoring someone asking for help, physical assault or even murdering someone
Reasons for Anti-social behaviour
1- Diffusion of responsibility
2- audience inhibition
3-social influence
4- cost, benefit analysis
Diffusion of responsibility
everyone thinks someone will act
Audience Inhibition
presence of others can also make an individual feel self conscious of making a mistake
Social Influence
the effect of an individuals behaviour by observing the behaviour of others as a result of pressure from others
Cost Benefit Analysis
weighing up benefit and cost
Bystander Intervention
a bystander is a witness to an event or situation, in bystander intervention the witness does not get involved
Bystander Effect
if there are more people present in an emergency help is less likely to be given
Cost Benefit Analysis
1- Physiological: your body is alert and ready to respond from increase heart rate and blood pressure
2- Labelling the Arousal: with emotional fear
3- Evaluating Consequences: looking at the relative costs for helping or not
