Behavioural Science SSA

Question 1

Health belief model

Answer 1

check slides

No emotion

Question 2

Non psychological ways of dealing with stress -

Answer 2

smoking, alcohol, exercise, eating (obesity)

Question 3

Solve a person’s fear of blood and needles

Answer 3

graded exposure - Showing the phobic stimulus to the patient gradually becoming more fear provoking each time but making sure they remain calm

Question 4

What is the taste we are predisposed to like?

Answer 4

sweet and salty i.e. if it tastes good it is good -> dopamine release in the brain. Neophobia - not exposed to a food between the ages of 6-12m leads to fear by the age of 7

Question 5

2 most common origins of dental fear -

Answer 5

previous traumatic experiences, loss of control experienced in dental situations, social learning and conditioning

Question 6

How can phobias be treated

Answer 6

tell show do; CBT, graded exposure, education, hypnosis

Question 7

Non drug methods of treating dental pain

Answer 7

hypnosis and acupuncture? Distraction techniques, priming and selective attention, treat anxiety (if associated)

Question 8

two diseases exacerbated by stress

Answer 8

cardiovascular hypertension, irritable bowel syndrome

Question 9

anxiety cycle

Answer 9

anxiety

avoidance

deterioration of oral health

Shame/inferiority
traumatic encounters

Question 10

Stress coping mechanisms:

Answer 10

Actional - Reacting to or altering the stressful event (Attack, escape, social contact withdrawal)
Intrapsychic - Motivational-emotional process (distraction, devaluation, denial, over-estimation of one’s resources)
Defensive - An indirect route from stress to poor dental health e.g. alcohol, smoking, exercise, eating

Question 11

Definition of phobia

Answer 11

an unreasonable or excessive fear of an object or situation e.g. injections, surgery smell, DCP. Diagnosable psychiatric disorder (DSM-5)

Question 12

% of people with anxiety

Answer 12

6% - moderate; 12% - severe (Adult Mental Health Study, 2011)

Question 13

2019 cs

Vicarious learning – what is this and how would you use this technique if you had a young child in your practice?

Answer 13

Learning through the experience of someone else- picking up the emotion of somebody else in the room
Positive body language, welcoming and friendly, overall positive attitude

Question 14

15. Dental fear cycle

Answer 14

Start with dental fear and anxiety
Delayed visiting
Dental problems
Symptom driven treatment

Question 15

An advertisement for sweets uses the line “are your friends having more fun than you” what psychological process does this target and explain why?

Answer 15

??

Question 16

7. You give a patient information on how to stop smoking, why might this not be the best approach and give 2 other possible approaches?

Answer 16

Stages of change- patient not be at the ‘action’ step yet. Talking about an action before intention my cause them to get annoyed.
Scaling questions which elicit change talk- “on a scale of 1-10 how important is it for you to stop smoking” “why did you choose this number and not…”
Rolling with resistance - may have rehearsed both sides of the argument. Good active listening encourages change talk and maintains good relationship “it sounds like you dont think it would be possible to think about making any changes now but we can talk about it when you are”