Behavioural Confirmation Effects Flashcards
What does behavioural confirmation effects mean?
The way that we judge others, has an impact on these people - self-fulfilling prophecy, people confirm their behaviour
It is the targets behaviour which confirms other people’s expectations
What is person perception?
The way that we form impressions of other people’s personality - we make judgements about others pretty quickly and easy
How good are we at person perception?
People’s impressions of others are prone to systematic and consequential errors
not as good as we think we are
Ichheiser - what info do we use which cause our judgments to be wrong?
We make judgements about others personalities based on:
Physical appearance
Behaviour - see people acting
Situational factors
Communications from other people - indirect information
Communications from the person themselves
What does false social perception mean?
How we get our judgements of others wrong
Ichheiser - Typology of personality misinterpretations (6 reasons why we get judgements wrong)
- We overestimate the unity of personality - believe people will act the same in all situations
- Successes and failures as sources of misinterpretations - believe these are evidence of personalities but don’t account for the social situation
- Stereotyped classifications as sources of misinterpretations - attribute characteristics to groups, have this generalisation and apply it to group members
- Limits of insights as sources of misinterpretation - don’t have an insight into people’s lives
- Mechanisms of rigidity - exact people to be the same throughout life, fixed
- Overestimate personality and underestime situational factors
What does self-fulfilling prophecy mean?
Merton - a false definition of the situation evoking a new behaviour which makes the original false conception come true
Rosenthal and Jacobsen - classroom
Teachers who were told a particular group of students will do well - did better
teachers acted different around these
What are the consequences of our judgements of others?
Self-fulling prophecy
Behavioural confirmation
Snyder, Tanke and Berscheid study 1 - 1977 - method
Ppts male and female, provided info and led to a room where they would engage in phone calls. told their partner would receive a folder containing info.
male ppt - given a pic of the female, males told their photo would be given to females (false)
some photos were of females previously judged to be attractive/some unattractive
before the convo, each male rated their female partner in terms of 27 trait terms
male and females engaged in convo
after, male rated female again in terms of traits and females rated themselves. independent judges listed to tape recorded convos
Snyder, Tanke and Berscheid study 1 - 1977 - results
Males judged attractive as more friendly, sociable, humorous, unattractive as unfriendly, awkward and serious
judges judged convos of males who thought they were talking to attractive women to be more sociable, sexually warm, bold, funny, confident
judges rated supposed attractive women as more poised, sexually warm, animated and sociable
Snyder, Tanke and Berscheid - study 1 - 1977 - conclusion
Incorrect initial impressions leads to different actions in the male and female behavior
Snyder and Swann 1978 - study 2 - method
Male students - 3 groups. labelling perceiver, target and naive
labelling and target complete a trait survey
they do a reaction time task involving use of a noise weapon - reacting to the noise to say you have heard it, use it to distract other
label manipulation: labelling perceiver labels target as hostile vs non hostile
attribution manipulation: either told noise reflects own personal characteristics or told it reflects the situation
after RT - label perceiver records impression of target
naive perceiver takes part in RT with target and records impression
Snyder and Swann 1978 - study 2 - results
The first interaction - those labelled hostile, ended up being more hostile
Labelling perceivers final impression of targets - hostile label perceived as more aggressive
The second interaction (naive ppt interacts with target) - the target continues to be more aggressive in hostile than non hostile but only in dispositional group
naive perceivers final impressions of targets - those in hostile more aggressive but only for disposition
What does social cognition refer too?
The way we make judgements about other people
