Behavioural Body Objectification Flashcards
THE OBJECTIFICATION THEORY: FREDRICKSON & ROBERTS (1997)
- defines sexual objectification as appraisal of women aka. their bodies = objects for utilisation -> negative psychological consequences (ie. shame/anxiety/self-objectification)
THE OBJECTIFICATION THEORY: BARTKY (1990)
- objectification: “…when woman’s sexual parts/functions = separated from person/reduced to mere instrument status/regarded as representing her…”
THE OBJECTIFICATION THEORY: HEFLICK & GOLDENBERG (2009)
- male/female pps asked to focus on famous woman’s (Angelina Jolie/Sarah Palin) appearance
- dehumanised/perceived her as less human (no warmth/human traits)/competent > when asked to focus on her as a person
SEXUAL OBJECTIFICTION
- daily life objectification = subtle (ie. gaze aka. when man visually inspects woman; focuses particular attention to body features)
- results = negative emotions (ie. anxiety/depression)/impaired cognitive abilities
- sexual objectification experiences promote self-objectification/3rd person perspective internalisation of body/”looks > other aspects” (ie. thoughts/feelings/health) view
SEXUAL OBJECTIFICATION: GERVAIS ET AL. (2011)
- examined objectifying gaze effect on undergraduate women’s/men’s cognitive performance (ie. maths) + body image outcomes
- incl. body surveillance/body shame/body dissatisfaction
BODY SURVEILLANCE
FREDRICKSON & ROBERTS (1997)
- habitual monitoring of body’s outward appearance
BODY SHAME
FREDRICKSON & ROBERTS (1997)
- emotional response following measuring oneself against internalised/cultural standard & perceiving oneself as failing to meet it
- objectifying gaze focuses on women’s attention on look -> women experience shameful response as actual bodies fail to meet cultural appearance ideals
BODY DISSATISFACTION
SMOLAK & LEVINE (2001)
- awareness of potential discrepancies between women’s actual bodies VS cultural appearance ideals
GERVAIS ET AL. (2011)
- ^ body dissatisfaction when women interpret weight related criticisms ^ negatively/weight compliments ^ positively
- women experienced most body dissatisfaction when receiving appearance compliments
GERVAIS ET AL. (2011): STIMULI
GERVAIS ET AL. (2011): PROCEDURE
GERVAIS ET AL. (2011): MANIPULATION
GERVAIS ET AL. (2011): MATH PERFORMANCE
GERVAIS ET AL. (2011): BODY PERCEPTION
GERVAIS ET AL. (2011): MATH RESULTS
GERVAIS ET AL. (2011): BODY PERCEPTION RESULTS