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Clinical Knowledge 2 > Behaviour Management in Children > Flashcards

Behaviour Management in Children Flashcards

1
Q

What is anxiety?

A

vague unpleasant feeling
premonition of undesirable event

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2
Q

What is fear?

A

strong reaction to a specific event

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3
Q

What is a phobia?

A

intense disproportional fear

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4
Q

Anxiety manifests itself as …

A

behaviour

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5
Q

What are the causes of dental anxiety?

A
  • previous dental experience
  • parental influence
  • peer influence
  • previous medical experience (white labcoat syndrome)
  • personality trait
  • awareness of a dental problem
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6
Q

List the dental anxiety scales available

A
  • modified child dental anxiety scale (MCDAS)
  • Corahs modified dental anxiety scale
  • Venhams Picture Test
  • Childrens Dental Fear Survey Schedule (CFSS)- Dental subscale
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7
Q

What ways can we help anxious children?

A
  • prevent anxiety from developing
  • trustworthy
  • listen to worries and concerns
  • local anaesthetic - treatment should be more comfortable
  • topical anaesthetic vs stab and squirt
  • time and patience
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8
Q

How should topical anaesthesia be applied?

A
  • dry mucosa
  • leave for 2-3 minutes, give it time to work
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9
Q

What are the effects of child patient anxiety?

A
  • parent avoids dental visits- cancellations/FTA
  • clinicians becoming stressed
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10
Q

Childrens behaviour is classfied by the degree of cooperation. What are the classes of childrens behaviour?

A
  • co-operative
  • potentially co-operative
  • pre co-operative- too young to cooperate
  • lacking co-operative ability (specific disability affecting ability to co-operae)
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11
Q

What are the aims of behaviour management methods ?

A
  • improve communication process
  • eliminate inappropriate behaviours
  • reduce anxiety
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12
Q

List behaviour manangement techniques available

A
  1. prepatory information
  2. non-verbal communication
  3. communication with patient
  4. moedelling
  5. tell-show- do
  6. giving patient control signals
  7. behaviour modelling and positive reinforcement
  8. distraction
  9. negative reinforcement
  10. behaviour contracts
  11. cooling-off period- externalisation
  12. systemic desensitisation
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13
Q

What are the principles of verbal communication

A
  • be understandable
  • questioning
  • listening
  • reassure
  • praise
  • humour
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14
Q

What are the principles of non-verbal behaviour?

A
  • body language
  • proximity-personal space
  • eye contact
  • reinforcers
  • level and posture
  • empathy
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15
Q

For non-verbal communication, the message can be conveyed by the _____ as much as the people

A

environment
surgery surroundings

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16
Q

How can you get the child settled in the chair?

A
  • gain assistance from the child
  • consider more upright position
  • help patient back to head rest
  • behaviour direction
  • there is an option to remove the head rest on the chair so that you are closer to the child patient
  • always warn patient before you move the chair
17
Q

Give examples of behaviour directions that can be given

A
  • sitting still
  • hand position- “hands on your lap”
18
Q

What can you adopt when verbally communicating to children?

A

“childrenese”
the language of children

19
Q

In voice control, a variation in _____, _____ or _____ can be used to influence and direct childs behaviour

A

tone, pace or volume

20
Q

What voice control technique can you implement to reinforce/recognise good behaviour?

A

bright and airy

21
Q

What voice control technique can you implement to calm anxiety ?

A

even and low

22
Q

What voice control technique can you use to indicate poor behaviour to a child?

A

low and quiet

23
Q

What must you do if you intent to use voice control techniques on a child?

A

MUST inform their parents

24
Q

What are the types of modelling techniques?

A
  • live
  • symbolic
25
Q

What is live modelling?

A

non fearful (reliable) child successfully receiving treatment

demonstrates behaviours you want to see in a child

e.g. sibling

26
Q

What is symbolic modelling?

A

use of videos or cartoons to demonstrate behaviours you want to see in a child

27
Q

When does modelling work best?

A
  • same sex child
  • similar age (5-7) year olds

similar procedures

28
Q

What does the tell-show-do procedure involve? Give an example

A
  • explain procdedure in child friendly (appropriate) language
  • demonstrate procedure
  • treat the child patient
    e.g. 3 in 1- polising/drilling, fissure sealants
29
Q

What techniques can you employ with enhancing control ?

A
  • stop signal
  • countdown - agree with patient how long you will operate without stopping
30
Q

What is behaviour shaping?

A

this is influencing behaviour toward the ideal by planned introduction to procedures

move through the stages at the child’s pace

31
Q

What is positive reinforcement?

A

strengthening of a pattern of behaviour which increases the probability of that behaviour being displayed in the future

more than reassurance
PRAISE

32
Q

Give factors to consider for positive reinforcement

A
  • praising specific behaviour e.g. sitting still
  • the timing of the praise
  • do not use rewards as bribes
  • social stimuli can be used e.g. facial expression, approval
  • don’t praise disruptive behaviours
33
Q

What is the purpose of using distractions?

A
  • using distracting stimulus to divert attention away from disruptove behaviours and potentially unpleasant sensory stimuli
34
Q

Give examples of distractors

A
  • cartoon
  • audiotapes
  • TV
  • virtual reality
  • stories
  • lip holding
  • leg raising (be careful as head can move)
  • talking whilst carrying out procedure
35
Q

What is negative reinforcement?

A

strengthening of a pattern of behaviour by the removal of a stimulus which the individual perceives as unpleasant as soon as the required behaviour is exhibited

36
Q

What is punishment?

A

application of an unpleasant stimulus to inappropriate behaviour

37
Q

What does externalisation involve?

A
  • change of environment
  • cooling-off period
38
Q

What is systemic desensitisation?

A
  • teaching child to relax
  • procedure broken down in progressive stages
  • child given control
39
Q

Give an example of systemic desensitisation

A

With LA syringe
* outside mouth with cap on
* inside mouth with cap on
* inside mouth with cap off
*

Clinical Knowledge 2 (40 decks)

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