Behaviorist Approach (learning Theory) Flashcards
what is the behaviourist approach
a way of explaining behaviour in terms of what is observable and measured in terms of learning
what did Jhon B Watson believe
rejected introspection involved too many concepts that were vague and difficult to measure
What do behaviourist do
try to maintain more control and objectivity within their research relied on lab studies as best way to achieve this
What did Darwin state
suggested that the basic processes that govern learning are the same in all species . This meant in behaviourist research animals replace humans as experimental subjects
what are the two forms of learning
Classical and operant conditioning
What is Classical conditioning
Learning through consequences when two stimuli are repeatedly poured together
Describe Pavlov’s research
Classical conditioning was first demonstrated by Ivan Pavlov.
Pavlovs dog learned how to associate the sound of the bell ( a stimulus) with the food (another stimulus) and would produce the salivation response every time they heard the sound. Thus, Pavlov was able to show how neutral stimulus, in this case a bell can come to elicit a new learned response (conditioned response ) through association
What is operant conditioning
behaviour is shaped through consequences
What is positive reinforcement
receiving a reward when a certain behaviour is performed
What is negative reinforcement
when an animal or human is avoiding something unpleasant . Outcome is positive experience
what is punishment
unpleasant consequence of behaviour
Describe Skinners experiment
conducted an experiment with a rat in a specially designed cages called a Skinner box
Every time a rat activated the lever within rewarded with food pellet
From then animal would continue to perform behaviour
