Behavioral Science: The Basics and Learning

Question 1

Gestalt Principles (Name 5)

Answer 1

Proximity
Similarity
Good Continuation (e.g. contours)
Closure
Pragnanz (regular, simple, symmetric perceptual organization)

Question 2

Classical Conditioning

Answer 2

Pavlov: food, dog, salivation, bell

Know the difference b/w unconditioned stimulus vs. conditioned stimulus.

Question 3

Extinction (classical conditioning)

Answer 3

An organism becomes habituated to the conditioned stimulus.

Question 4

Spontaneous Recovery (classical conditioning)

Answer 4

A weak conditioned response can sometimes be exhibited if an extinct conditioned stimulus is presented again.

Question 5

Generalization (classical conditioning)

Answer 5

A broadening effect by which a stimulus similar enough to the conditioned stimulus can also produce the conditioned response.

Question 6

Discrimination (classical conditioning)

Answer 6

Distinguishing b/w 2 similar stimuli.

Question 7

Operant Conditioning + Shaping

Answer 7

Links voluntary behaviors with instincts and biological responses.

Shaping: process of rewarding increasingly specific behaviors

Main difference b/w operant and classical is… voluntary behaviors vs. instinctual behaviors?

Question 8

Positive vs. Negative Reinforcement (operant conditioning)

Answer 8

(+): stimulus added –> continue behavior

(-): stimulus removed –> continue behavior

Question 9

Positive vs. Negative Punishment (operant conditioning)

Answer 9

(+): stimulus added –> stop behavior

(-): stimulus removed –> stop behavior