Behavioral Science: Psychological Disorders Flashcards
Psychotic Disorder Symptoms: Delusions
False beliefs discordant w/ reality, not shared by other in individual’s culture that are maintained in spite of strong evidence to the contrary.
5 types:
- Of reference: common elements in environment directed toward individual.
- Of persecution: being deliberately interfered w/, discriminated/plotted against, or threatened.
- Of grandeur: being remarkable in some significant way.
- Thought broadcasting: thoughts broadcast directly from one’s head to world.
- Thought insertion: thoughts are being placed in one’s head.
Psychotic Disorder Symptoms: Hallucinations
Perceptions not due to external stimuli but have compelling sense of reality. Most common: auditory. Less common: visual, tactile.
Psychotic Disorder Symptoms: Disorganized Thought
Characterized by loosening of associations. Word salad, neologism.
Psychotic Disorder Symptoms: Disorganized Behavior (describe catatonia)
Inability to carry out activities of daily living.
Catatonia: reduced activity, rigid posture, useless/bizarre movements, echolalia (repeating another’s words) or echopraxia (imitating another’s actions).
Psychotic Disorder Symptoms: Disturbance of Affect (Blunting, Flat Affect, Inappropriate Affect)
Blunting: severe reduction in intensity of affect expression.
Flat Affect: virtually no signs of emotional expression.
Inappropriate Effect: affect clearly discordant w/ content of individual’s speech.
Psychotic Disorder Symptoms: Avolition
Decreased engagement in purposeful, goal-directed actions.
Schizophrenia
The prototypical psychotic disorder. Must have 2 or more of the psychotic disorder symptoms for 6 months, one of which must be delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech.
Depressive Disorders: Major Depressive Episode (MDE) / Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
Acronym: SIG E. CAPS
MDE: period of 2 or more weeks with 5 or more of the following (with at least one symptoms being 1. or 2.):
- Prominent, relatively persistent depressed mood.
- Anhedonia: loss of interest in almost / all formerly enjoyable activities.
- Appetite disturbances.
- Substantial weight changes.
- Sleep disturbances.
- Decreased energy.
- Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt.
- Difficulty concentration or thinking.
- Psychomotor symptoms.
- Thoughts of death or suicide attempts
MDD: characterized by at least 1 MDE.
Depressive Disorders: Persistent Depressive Disorder
Suffer from dysthymia (depressed mood not severe enough to meet criteria of MDE).
Depressive Disorders: Seasonal Affective Disorder
MDD w/ seasonal onset, e.g. depressive symptoms present only in winter months.
Bipolar and Related Disorders: Manic Episode
Acronym: DIG FAST
Characterized by abnormal and persistently elevated mood lasting at least 1 week w/ 3 or more of the following: increased distractibility, decreased need for sleep, inflated self-esteem or grandiosity, racing thoughts, increased goal-directed activity or agitation, pressure speech or increased talkativeness, involvement in high-risk behavior.
Bipolar and Related Disorders: Bipolar I and II Disorders
Bipolar I: manic episodes w/ or w/o MDEs.
Bipolar II: hypomania w/ at least 1 MDE.
Bipolar and Related Disorders: Cyclothymic Disorder
Combination of hypomanic episodes and periods of dysthymia not severe enough to qualify as MDEs.
Anxiety Disorders: Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Disproportionate and persistent worry about many different things for 6 mo or longer.
Anxiety Disorders: Specific Phobias
Anxiety produced by a specific object or situation.
Agoraphobia: fear of being in places or situations where it might be hard to escape.
