Behavioral/Ethics Flashcards
patients with schizophrenia have what NT change?
Increased dopamine
Dopamine hypothesis: hyperactive dopaminergic activity in the mesolimbic system leads to psychosis, and dec in mesocortical dopamine causes negative and cognitive sx.
patient with dilated pupils, tremors, inc HR and RR, lack coordination, hallucinations, and ideas of reference from TV are consistent with intoxication with what?
LSD (hallucinogen)
dry mouth, slowed reactions, inc appetite are common symptoms of ____ intoxication?
cannabis.
Nightmares are a common symptom accompanying withdrawal from what?
Amphetamines or alcohol
Hallucinations while falling asleep is a common symptom of what condition?
Narcolepsy
What is it called when we respond to people or situations in the present as if they were people or situations from our past experience?
Transference
Dilated pupils, yawning, piloerection, lacrimation, hyperactive bowel sounds are common signs of _____ withdrawal
heroin
Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech for at least 1 mo. Negative sx (flat affect, asociality, anhedonia). Continuous signs for >6mo
Schizophrenia
In what disorders do psychotic symptoms occur EXCLUSIVELY during major depressive or manic episode?
Major depressive disorder with psychotic features
Bipolar disorder
Acute onset of psychotic symptoms >=1 day but <1 mo with full return to premorbid level of functioning
Brief psychotic disorder
How is schizophreniform disorder different from schizophrenia?
> 1 mo and <6mo
Delusions or hallucinations can occur in the ABSENCE of mood symptoms for >=2 wk at some point
SchizoAFFECTIVE
Violent behavor, hallucinations, nystagmus, amnesia, and ataxia are signs of ____ intoxication
PCP - phencyclidine
Chest pain, agitation, euphoria, seizures, tachycardia, HTN are signs of ____ intoxication
Cocaine
Violent behavior, choreiform movements, tooth decay are signs of _____ intoxication
Methamphetamine
Differentiate chronic tic disorder from Tourretes
Chronic tic disorder: 1+ motor or verbal tics (but not both) for >= 1 year
Tourretes: BOTH vocal and motor tics
How does opioid intoxication present?
Miosis, depressed mental status, dec resp rate, dec bowel sounds
HYPOtension, BRADYcardia
Differentiate delusional disorder from paranoid personality disorder
Delusional: >=1 delusions in absence of other psych sx
Paranoid personality: persistent patterns of behavior pervasive across broad range of situations. Suspiciousness or distrust of many people.
Selection bias created by choosing hospitalized patients as the control group
Berkson’s bias
Tendency of study subjects to change behavior as a result of awareness they are being studied
Hawthorne effect
Researcher’s belief in the efficacy of treatment can potentially affect outcome
Pygmalion effect (eg case with “low IQ and high IQ students”)
Differentiate acute stress disorder from PTSD
Can present similarly - duration makes the difference
Acute stress = 3 days to 1mo after trauma
PTSD = >=1 mo
Inc appetite, hypersomnia, intense PSYCHOMOTOR RETARDATION, severe depression is a sign of ____ withdrawal
Cocaine/stimulants
Inc appetite, dysphoria, irritability, and anxiety is a sign of ___ withdrawal
nicotine