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MS II Unit 3 > Behavioral > Flashcards

Behavioral Flashcards

1
Q

Premature birth is less than (37/32) weeks

A

premature: 37

very premature: 32

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2
Q

What does APGAR stand for?

A 
Appearance
Pulse
Grimace (reflex)
Activity
Respiration
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3
Q

Social smile begins at (12 weeks/ 9 months/ first year)

A

12 weeks

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4
Q

Stranger anxiety begins at (12 weeks/ 9 months/ first year)

A

9 months

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5
Q

Separation anxiety begin at (12 weeks/ 9 months/ first year)

A

within the first year

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6
Q

Babies begin to walk alone in the interval of (5-11 months/ 9-17 months)

A

9-17 months walking

5-11 standing

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7
Q

Limbs extending when an infant is startled is called the ______ reflex

A

Moro

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8
Q

Kids say “No!” at age (2 /3/ 4/ 5)

A

age 2

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9
Q

Kids have bowel and bladder function at age (2 /3/ 4/ 5)

A

4 or 5

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10
Q

Kids have a gender identity at age (2 /3/ 4/ 5/ 6)

A

3

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11
Q

Kids do parallel play at age (2 /3/ 4/ 5/ 6)

A

3

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12
Q

Kids do cooperative play at age (2 /3/ 4/ 5/ 6)

A

4

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13
Q

Kids have a sense of morality and empathy at age (2 /3/ 4/ 5/ 6)

A

6

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14
Q

In which order do these play behaviors occure (cooperative/ associative/ parallel)

A
  1. parallel 2. associative 3. cooperative
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15
Q

which mental health disorder consumes 90% of public health funding for psychological issues?

A

schizophrenia

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16
Q

Impairment of reality testing, loss of contact with reality

psychosis/ hallucination/ delusion/ Illusion/ ideas of reference

A

psychosis

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17
Q

Sensory perception not generated by an external stimulus is

psychosis/ hallucination/ delusion/ Illusion/ ideas of reference

A

hallucination

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18
Q

Abnormalities in thought content, false beliefs not correctable by logic or reason is
(psychosis/ hallucination/ delusion/ Illusion/ ideas of reference)

A

delusion

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19
Q

Misperception of a real external stimulus is

psychosis/ hallucination/ delusion/ Illusion/ ideas of reference

A

illusion

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20
Q

False conviction that you are the subject of attention by other people e.g. crowds, TV, radio, conversations (psychosis/ hallucination/ delusion/ Illusion/ ideas of reference)

A

ideas of reference

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21
Q

Lack of informative content in speech is called

Alogia/ Echolalia/ Thought blocking/ Neologism/ Circumstantiality/ tangentiality

A

Alogia

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22
Q

Repeating statements of others and associating words by their sounds is
(Alogia/ Echolalia/ Thought blocking/ Neologism/ Circumstantiality/ tangentiality)

A

Echolalia

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23
Q

Presenting unnecessary and voluminous details before answering a question is
(Alogia/ Echolalia/ Thought blocking/ Neologism/ Circumstantiality/ tangentiality/ delirium)

A

circumstantiality

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24
Q

inventing new words is

Alogia/ Echolalia/ Thought blocking/ Neologism/ Circumstantiality/ tangentiality/ delirium

A

neologism

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25
Q

Abrupt halt in the train of thinking, often due to hallucinations is
(Alogia/ Echolalia/ Thought blocking/ Neologism/ Circumstantiality/ tangentiality/ delirium)

A

thought blocking

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26
Q

Beginning in a logical fashion but getting further and further from the point, failing to answer the question
(Alogia/ Echolalia/ Thought blocking/ Neologism/ Circumstantiality/ tangentiality/ delirium)

A

tangentiality

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27
Q

How many months of signs of schizophrenia must persist before a clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia can be given?

A

6 months

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28
Q

What is the triad of Psychosis?

A
  1. hallucination, alteration in sensory perception
  2. delusion, abnormal thought content
  3. thought disorder, abnormal processing/organization
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29
Q

A disturbed state of mind characterized by restlessness, illusion and incoherence of thought induced by fever, intoxication or another disorder is
(Alogia/ Echolalia/ Thought blocking/ Neologism/ Circumstantiality/ tangentiality/ delirium)

A

delirium

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30
Q

Stupor or extreme agitation, incoherent speech, blank facial expression and bizarre posturing are characteristics of being (paranoid/ catatonic/ dissorganized)

A

catatonic

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31
Q

In schizophrenia, the (prefrontal cortex/ mesolimbic tract) is hyperactive

A

mesolimbic tract

amygdala, scary faces

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32
Q

In schizophrenia, the (prefrontal cortex/ mesolimbic tract) is hypoactive

A

prefrontal cortex

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33
Q

In schizophrenia the mesolimbic tract is overstimulated by (norepinephrin/ serotonin/ dopamine)

A

dopamine

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34
Q

Patients with schizophrenia will have elevated levels of the dopamine metabolite _______ _____ as a result of excess dopamine metabolism

A

homovanillic acid

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35
Q

LSD can cause hallucination by increasing _______ levels in the brain

A

serotonin, 5HT

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36
Q

To reduce Schizophrenia you would like to block D2 receptors in the (mesolimbic/ mesocortical) pathway

A

mesolimbic

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37
Q

For ADHD, is a norepinephrine re-uptake inhibitor

clonidine/ guanfacine/ atomoxetine

A

atomoxetine

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38
Q

For ADHD, agonize or stimulate the alpha-2 Norepinephrine receptor
(clonidine/ guanfacine/ atomoxetine)

A

clonidine and guanfacine

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39
Q

What does SIGECAPS stand for?

A 
sleep dissorder
interest/pleasure reduction
guilt, worthless feeling
energy loss
concentration impairment
appetitechange
psychomotor change
suicidal ideation
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40
Q

Diurnal depression is worse in the (AM/PM)

A

worse in AM

better in afternoon w/ sun

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41
Q

In depression the amygdala is (hyperactive/hypoactive)

A

hyperactive

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42
Q

These two sedating anti-depressants block the 5HT2 receptors which is counter intuitive

A
  1. Trazodone

2. Mirtazapine

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43
Q

A lack of ‘joint attention’ in a child may indicate _______

A

autism

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44
Q

A restricted repertoire of interest and repetitive behaviors such as rewinding and re-watching TV can indicate ________

A

autism

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45
Q

Prevalence of autism is greater in (boys/girls)

A

boys, 4 times higher

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46
Q

Intellectual disability is an IQ below ____ AND ______

A

IQ below 70, AND deficits in behavior

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47
Q

blood plasma analysis of a 45 y.o. male has elevated homovanillic acid. he likely has (bulemia/ parkinson’s/ depression/ schizophrenia)

A

schizophrenia

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48
Q

An anxious patient sits in the ED. At this time, the GABA activity in the brain is likely (increased/ decreased/ unchanged)

A

decreased

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49
Q

The major neurotransmitter implicated in alzheimers is (5HT/ NE/ DA/ ACh)

A

ACh

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50
Q

A mother brings her 4mo old child into your pediatric office. what should you expect f the child? (stranger anxiety/ social smile/ gender identity)

A

social smile

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51
Q

sitting unassisted, how many months old? (0-3/ 5-6/ 7-10/ 11-15)

A

5-6 months

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52
Q

shows rooting reflex how many months old? (0-3/ 5-6/ 7-10/ 11-15)

A

0-3 months

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53
Q

craws on hands and knees how many months old? (0-3/ 5-6/ 7-10/ 11-15)

A

7-10 months

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54
Q

______ uses minute doses of a substance that causes symptoms to stimulate the body’s self-healing response.

A

homeopathy

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55
Q

_______ uses non-invasive treatments to help your body do its own healing, uses massage, acupuncture, herbals, exercise and life counseling

A

naturopathy

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56
Q

If the _______ gene is defective, you cannot convert folate into L-methylfolate, which is needed to make neurotransmitters in the brain

A

MTHFR

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57
Q

List 5 key genes of the many genes associated with schizophrenia

A
  1. COMT =Catechol-O-methyltransferase
  2. BDNF = brain derived neurotrophic
  3. TH = tyrosine hydroxylase
  4. D2 = DRD2
  5. D3 = DRD3
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58
Q

List 2 key genes of the many genes associated with ADHD

A
  1. DRD4 = D4

2. DRD5 = D5

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59
Q

MDD has fMRI signals hot in the (award + addiction center/ frontal cortex)

A

frontal cortex

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60
Q

AHDH has fMRI signals hot in the (award + addiction center/ frontal cortex)

A

award and addiction center

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61
Q

List 3 key genes of the many genes associated with MDD

A
  1. DAT = dopamine transporter
  2. DRD4 = D4
  3. COMT
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62
Q

5HT is made in the ______ ______ of the brain

A

Raphe nucleus

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63
Q

the somatic pain associated with deprression may be due to low levels of (DA/ NE/ 5HT) in the brain

A

NE

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64
Q

Hyperfunction of the limbic pathway causes (panic/ worry/ ADHD/ depression)

A

panic and worry

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65
Q

Hypofunction in the frontocortico pathways causes (panic/ worry/ ADHD/ depression)

A

ADHD, depression

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66
Q

The increased negative effects in MDD such as more guilt, more anxiety, more loneliness is more attributed to low (5HT/ DA)

A

5HT

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67
Q

The decrease in positive effects in MDD such as less happiness, less alertness, less confidence is more attributed to low (5HT/ DA)

A

DA

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68
Q

Women are more likely to have excess COMT function and low neurotransmitters due to ________

A

random X-inactivation, COMT on X chrom.

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69
Q

Low neurotransmitter degradation -> increased NE in limbic areas -> anxiety (COMT Met/ COMT Val)

A

COMT Met

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70
Q

High neurotransmitter degradation -> low NE in cortex -> depression (COMT Met/ COMT Val)

A

COMT Val

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71
Q

PD: Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal are part of cluster (A/ B/ C)

A

Cluster A

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72
Q

PD: Antisocial, Histrionic, Narcissistic are part of cluster (A/ B/ C)

A

Cluster B

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73
Q

PD: Avoidant, Dependent, Obsessive compulsive are part of cluster (A/ B/ C)

A

Cluster C

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74
Q

PD: which cluster is psychotic-like but not psychotic? (A/ B/ C)

A

Cluster A

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75
Q

Detachment from social relationships and restricted range of emotions (Paranoid/ Schizoid/ Schizotypal)

A

Schizoid

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76
Q

Pattern of interpersonal deficits with perceptional distortions such as ideas about ESP or aliens (Paranoid/ Schizoid/ Schizotypal)

A

Schizotypal

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77
Q

Which cluster of PD are most psychotic? (A/ B/ C)

A

cluster A

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78
Q

Which cluster of PD are behavioral disorders? (A/ B/ C)

A

cluster B

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79
Q

Which is a pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking, sexual seduction and self-dramatization (Antisocial/ Histrionic/ Narcissistic/ Borderline)

A

Histrionic

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80
Q

Which is a disregard for and a violation of the rights of others, associated with conduct disorder? (Antisocial/ Histrionic/ Narcissistic/ Borderline)

A

Antisocial

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81
Q

Which is a pervasive pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, lack of empathy and sense of entitlement (Antisocial/ Histrionic/ Narcissistic/ Borderline)

A

Narcissistic

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82
Q

In whatever manner he acts, he feels justified (Antisocial/ Histrionic/ Narcissistic/ Borderline)

A

Narcissistic

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83
Q

Which PD cluster is associated with being anxious but is not an anxiety disorder? (A/ B/ C)

A

cluster C

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84
Q

Which has a pervasive pattern of instability, with an unstable self image, impulsivity and mood lability (Antisocial/ Histrionic/ Narcissistic/ Borderline)

A

Borderline

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85
Q

Which is associated with perfectionism, preoccupation with details, rules, lists and schedules
(Avoidant/ Obsessive-compulsive/ Dependent)

A

Obsessive-compulsive

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86
Q

Which has a hypersensitivity to to criticism and rejection and is socially inhibited due to feeling inadequate?
(Avoidant/ Obsessive-compulsive/ Dependent)

A

Avoidant

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87
Q

Excessive need to be taken care of beginning in early adulthood, submissive and clingy
(Avoidant/ Obsessive-compulsive/ Dependent)

A

Dependent

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88
Q

Personality disorders with impulsion and aggression have been associated with low maternal (DA/ 5-HT/ NE/ Vit D)

A

5-HT, specifically the 5-HIAA metabolite

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89
Q

Which PD cluster might be treated with mood stabilizers? (A/ B/ C)

A

cluster B,

Antisocial, Histrionic, Narcissistic, Boarderline

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90
Q

What are the 3 personality disorders that are a part of cluster A?

A
  1. Paranoid
  2. Schizoid
  3. Schizotypal
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91
Q

What are the 4 personality disorders that are a part of cluster B?

A
  1. Antisocial
  2. Histrionic
  3. Narcissistic
  4. Boarderline
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92
Q

What are the 3 personality disorders that are a part of cluster C?

A
  1. Avoidant
  2. Dependent
  3. Obsessive compulsive
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93
Q

To be diagnosed with mania, you must have at lease __# symptoms for __# days

A

3 symptoms for 7 days

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94
Q

What does DTRHIGH stand for in diagnosing mania?

A 
Distractible
Talkative
Racing thought
Hyperactive
Impulsive
Grandiose
Hyposomnic
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95
Q

Hypomania can be diagnosed after only __# days

A

4

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96
Q

In psychology, an extremely happy mood is _________ a normal positive mood is ________ and a depressed mood is ______

A

Hyperthymia: Extremely happy
Euthymia: Normal
Dysthymia: Depressed

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97
Q

You only need to see the manic phase to diagnose bipolar type (I/II)

A

type I

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98
Q

Which has more depression and hypomanic phases: bipolar type (I/II)

A

type II

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99
Q

drug for bi-polar: provides membrane stability and promotes neuronal health

A

Lithium

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100
Q

mood swings, with periods of hypomanic symptoms alternating with periods of mild symptoms of depression is called ________

A

cyclothymic

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101
Q

Anti-manic agent that increases GABA tone, also anti-epileptic

A

Valproate= valproic acid

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102
Q

What are the 4 types of Anxiety Disorders?

A
  1. GAD generalized
  2. SAD social
  3. OCD
  4. PTSD
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103
Q

For adults, a diagnosis of General Anxiety Disorder, GAD requires symptoms for greater than _____ in more than ___ setting

A

greater than 6 months

more than 1 event/activity

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104
Q

Anxiety more frequently affects (women/men)

A

women

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105
Q

What neurotransmitters are increased or decreased in anxiety? ( 5HT, GABA, NE, Glutamate)

A

increased NE and Glutamate

decreased 5HT and GABA

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106
Q

Diagnosis of GAD requires 3 or more of of what symptoms?

A
  1. Restlessness
  2. Easily Fatigued
  3. Difficulty concentrating
  4. Irritability
  5. Muscle tension
  6. Sleep disturbance
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107
Q

Pt has persistent GAD, along with the CBT and SSRI, try _______

A

Buspirone

108
Q

What are the front line therapies for Generalized Anxiety Disorder, GAD?

A
  1. CBT: cognitive behavioral therapy

2. SSRIs and SNRIs

109
Q

Dx: performance anxiety
Rx: ?

A

Beta-blocker, propranolol

110
Q

Unexpected abrupt surges of intense fear or discomfort that peak in minutes are called a ______ _____

A

Panic disorder

111
Q

At least 4 characteristics are required to make a Dx of panic disorder. List at least 4

A
  1. Palpitations
  2. Sweating
  3. Shaking/trembling
  4. S.O.B.
  5. chest pain
  6. Nausea
  7. Chills or heat
  8. Derealization
  9. Fear of dying
112
Q

anxiety disorder where the sufferer perceives the environment to be dangerous, uncomfortable, or unsafe is called ________

A

agorophobia

113
Q

A diagnosis of a panic disorder requires fear or anxiety out of proportion to the actual danger for more than ___ months

A

6 months

114
Q

What is the first line treatment for a phobia?

A
  1. flooding
  2. systemic desensitization
    both are exposures to the thing that incites fear
115
Q

Recurrent and persistent thought, urges or images that are intrusive and unwanted are called an ________

A

obsession

116
Q

Trying to ignore, suppress or neutralize an obsession is called ________

A

an undoing ego defense mechanism

117
Q

A repetitive behavior that a patient performs that has a set of rules that are strictly adhered to is called a ______

A

compulsion

118
Q

What is the first line therapy for OCD?

The drug treatments?

A

Therapy: CBT, cognitive behavioral therapy
Drugs: 1. SSRI
2. clomipramine

119
Q

Which have insight into their behavior? which generally don’t? (OCD/OCPD)

A

OCD: have insight into behavior
OCPD: don’t

120
Q
  1. vocal ticks, 2. motor ticks and 3. OCD are all common in _____ ______
A

tourette’s disorder

121
Q

a sudden, repetitive, nonrhythmic motor movement or vocalization involving discrete muscle groups is called a ______

A

tic

122
Q

What is the most common thing to cause PTSD?

A

death of a loved one

123
Q

What is the most likely thing to cause PTSD?

A

assault, done by another human

124
Q

the reliving of events, memories, dreams o nightmares related to an event are the ________ symptoms of PTSD

A

intrusive

125
Q

What are the 5 criteria that must be present for PTSD?

A
  1. re-experiencing the event, dreams, flashback
  2. Avoidance, of thoughts, people, places
  3. dissociative symptoms, amnesia, time slowin
  4. negative mood
  5. changes in arousal, hyper-aroused, hyper-vigilance
126
Q

PTSD symptoms for less than 1 month is called ______

A

Acute Stress Disorder, ASD

symptoms for 3 days to 1 month, greater than 1 month is PTSD

127
Q

What are the first line therapies for PTSD?

Drugs?

A

therapy: Cognitive behavioral, for all anxiety disorders
Drugs: 1. SSRI for all anxiety disorders,
2. TCAs

128
Q

To be a mild TBI, Loss of consciousness must not exceed ___ minutes and the glasgow coma score must be between ___ and ___

A

30

glassgow coma score between 13-15

129
Q

The most mild form of TBI is ________

A

concussion

130
Q

The majority cause of TBI is (blunt trauma/ MVCs/ falls)

A

most common: falls, blunt trauma, MVCs least common

131
Q

a region of injured tissue or skin in which blood capillaries have been ruptured is called a ______

A

contusion

132
Q

If a neuron is stretched in a TBI, the rate of conductance is _______

A

slowed

133
Q

How many days does it take for energy homeostasis to be achieved after a concussion?

A

7-10 days

134
Q

Glasgow coma scale:
Severe ___ to ____
Moderate ____ to ___
Mild ____ to ____

A

Severe: 3-8
Moderate: 9-12
Mild: 13-15

135
Q

Ranchos los amigos: Coma, no response, Stage (1/2/3/4/5/6)

A

stage 1

136
Q

Ranchos los amigos: Vegitative state, generalized response, eyes may open, but no cognitive awareness, Stage (1/2/3/4/5/6)

A

stage 2

137
Q

Ranchos los amigos: localized response, inconsistent speech, simple purposeful behavior, Stage (1/2/3/4/5/6)

A

stage 3

138
Q

Ranchos los amigos: confused-agitated, can’t remember day to day, post traumatic amnesia, can grab a hairbrush but don’t know what to do with it Stage (1/2/3/4/5/6)

A

stage 4

139
Q

Ranchos los amigos: post-confusional, can get dressed, some difficulty with self-awareness, out of amnesia an have day-to-day recall Stage (1/2/3/4/5/6)

A

stage 5

140
Q

Ranchos los amigos: Resumption of basic household independence, Stage (1/2/3/4/5/6)

A

stage 6

141
Q

a state of agitation, distress, and restlessness, side-effect of antipsychotic and antidepressant drugs, coma recovery

A

akesthsia

142
Q

Frontal cortex: social comportment/behavior (dorsolateral prefrontal/ lateral orbitofrontal)

A

lateral orbitofrontal

143
Q

Frontal cortex: executive function (dorsolateral prefrontal/ lateral orbitofrontal)

A

dorsolateral prefrontal

144
Q

The non-SSRI 5HT1a partial agonist for GAD is _______

A

Buspirone

145
Q

Insomnia is a (dyssomnia/ parasomnia) since it is dissatisfaction with the quantity or quality of sleep

A

dyssomnia

146
Q

sleep disorder characterized by problems in timing, quality or amount of sleep (dyssomnia/ parasomnia)

A

dyssomnia

147
Q

sleep disorder with abnormalities in physiology or behavior associated with sleep (dyssomnia/ parasomnia)

A

parasomnia

148
Q

insomnia requires disturbances in sleep for ____ nights/week for ___ months

A

3 nights/week for

3 months

149
Q

What are the 4 excitatory transmitters that can keep you up at night?

A
  1. Norepinephrine in locus ceruleus
  2. Serotonin in raphe nucleus
  3. Dopamine in Ventral tegmental area
  4. Histamine in tuberomammilary nucleus
150
Q

A deficiency in which 3 inhibitory neurotransmitters can cause insomnia?

A
  1. GABA
  2. melatonin
  3. adenosine
151
Q

habits and practices conducive to sleeping well on a regular basis are called _____ _____

A

sleep hygiene

152
Q

To promote a more accurate circadian clock, antagonize (5HT2a/ 5HT1d/ 5HT7)

A

5HT1d + 5HT7

153
Q

To create a deeper sleep pattern, antagonize (5HT2a/ 5HT1d/ 5HT7)

A

5HT2a

154
Q

↓ NE, ↓ 5HT, ↓ DA

Depression/ mania/ schizophrenia/ Anxiety/ Alzheimers

A

depression

155
Q

↑DA, ↑5HT, glutamate ↑ or ↓

Depression/ mania/ schizophrenia/ Anxiety/ Alzheimers

A

schizophrenia

156
Q

↑DA, ↓ GABA

Depression/ mania/ schizophrenia/ Anxiety/ Alzheimers

A

Mania

157
Q

↓ GABA, ↓ 5-HT ↑NE,

Depression/ mania/ schizophrenia/ Anxiety/ Alzheimers

A

anxiety

158
Q

↓ ACh, ↑ glutamate

(Depression/ mania/ schizophrenia/ Anxiety/ Alzheimers)

A

Alzheimers

159
Q

Obesity therapy, lipase inhibitor (Amphetamines/ Orlistat/ Topiramate and zonisamide)

A

orlistat

160
Q

Obesity therapy, decrease appetite (Amphetamines/ Orlistat/ Topiramate and zonisamide)

A

Amphetamines

161
Q

Obesity therapy, anticonvulsants (Amphetamines/ Orlistat/ Topiramate and zonisamide)

A

Topiramate and zonisamide

162
Q

Anorexia is a BMI less than ___

A

mild: 17
moderate: 16-16.9
severe 15-15.9

163
Q

More ridged personality (anorexia/ bulimia)

A

anorexia

164
Q

noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant (NaSSA), used as an appetite stimulant in anorexia

A

mirtazapine

165
Q

recurrent binge eating with compensatory behaviors is called ______

A

bulimia, may be purging or non-purging

166
Q

often from dysfunctional family, more conflicted, less ridged (anorexia/ bulimia)

A

bulimia

167
Q

Russell’s sign is seen in (anorexia/ bulimia)

A

bulimia, abraided knuckles

168
Q

Which has a better course of recovery? (anorexia/ bulimia)

A

bulemia

169
Q

what drugs are used for bulemia?

A

SSRI’s

imipramine, desipramine, trazodone and MAOis

170
Q

to be diagnosed with bulimia, you must bing __x/week for ____ months

A

3x/week for 3 months

171
Q

mild bulimia is called ______

A

binge eating dissorder

172
Q

subclinical anorexia is called ______

A

avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder

173
Q

A delusion where the patient feels that someone has been replaced by an imposter is called _______

A

Capgras delusion

174
Q

Patient hold a delusional belief that different people are in fact a single person who changes appearance or is in disguise is called ________

A

Fregoli delusion

175
Q

Delusion that one is a werewolf is called _____

A

Lycanthropy

176
Q

syndrome where symptoms of a delusion are transmitted from one person to another is called ______

A

Folie a Deux

177
Q

inability to accept one’s own reflection as one’s own body, feeling a disconnection from one’s own body is called _______

A

Cotard’s delusion

178
Q

morphine derivative with heroin like effects, but causes flesh to rot is called _______

A

krokodil = desomorphine

179
Q

somatic delusion where the patient feels that they are infested with a parasite, they can see it and feel it, is called ______

A

Morgellons or delusional parasitosis

180
Q

Delusion where the affected person feels that someone of high status or famous person is in love with him or her is called

A

Erotomanic delusion

181
Q

delusions may be caused by too much dopamine in the _______ pathway

A

mesolimbic, similar to schizophrenia

182
Q

what type of therapy is used for delusional disorders?

A

psychotherapy

183
Q

dementia progession goes from: normal aging -> _______ -> dementia

A

MCI, mild cognitive impairment

184
Q

inability to perform particular purposive actions, as a result of brain damage is called ________

A

apraxia

185
Q

inability to interpret sensations and recognize things, typically as a result of brain damage is called _______

A

agnosia

186
Q

gamma secretase is regulated by presenilin 1 on chr (1/ 14/ 19/ 21) and presenilin 2 on chr (1/ 14/ 19/ 21)

A

presenilin 1: chromosome 14

presenilin 2: chromosome 1

187
Q

the amyloid precursor protein APP is found on chr (1/ 14/ 19/ 21)

A

21, which is triplicated in downs

188
Q

Apo E4 is found on chromosome (1/ 14/ 19/ 21)

A

19

189
Q

What are the top 4 most common types of dementia?

A
  1. AD, alzheimer’s Dz
  2. VD: Vascular Dementia
  3. DLB: Dememtia with Lewy Bodies
  4. FTLD: Frontotemporal lobe dementia
190
Q

senile plaques are made of _______

A

Aβ amyloid

191
Q

Neurofibrillary Tangles are made of ______

A

hyperphosphorylated tau

192
Q

which combo of secretase cleavage of APP is bad for AD? (alpha/ beta/ gamma) secretase

A

beta + gamma combo cleavage of APP

193
Q

the catalytic subunit of gamma secretase is ______

A

presenilin

194
Q

Alzheimers in the age range of 20-30s is usually caused by _______

A

APP, downs syndrome, trisomy 21

195
Q

Alzheimers in the age range of 40-50s is usually caused by _______

A

presenilin 1 or 2 mutation

196
Q

Alzheimers in the age range of 60-90s is usually caused by _______

A

Apo E4

Apo E2 is protective

197
Q

Alzheimers in the age range of 50-60s is usually caused by _______

A

APP on Chr 21 is altered

198
Q

intracellular aggregates of actin and actin-associated proteins observed in neurons are called ______ bodies

A

Hirano

199
Q

early onset alzheimers occurs before the age of ____

A

60

200
Q

changes in social and personal behavior, apathy, blunting of emotions, deficits in language, memory loss late in course (AD/ VD/ DLB/ FTLD/ PD)

A

FTLD: Frontotemporal lobe dementia

201
Q

Treat FTLD, Frontotemporal lobe dementia

cholinesterase inhibitor/ Valproic acid/ SSRI

A

valproic acid for behavioral control

SSRI for irritability, depression or impulsive behavior

202
Q

Which type of FTLD is associated with ALS? (FTLD-tau/ FTLD-TDP43/ FTLD-FUS)

A

TDP43 and FUS

203
Q

Which type of FTLD is also called Pick’s Dz? (FTLD-tau/ FTLD-TDP43/ FTLD-FUS)

A

tau

204
Q

Which is a glutamate NMDA receptor blocker for AD? ( Donepezil/ Rivastigmine/ Galantamine/ Memantine)

A

Memantine

others are AChE inhibitors

205
Q

which has a ‘step-wise’ progression of deterioration with emotional lability? (AD/ VD/ DLB/ FTLD/ PD)

A

VD,vascular dementia, abrupt steps after each CVA

206
Q

Lewy bodies are clumps of _______ in neurons

A

alpha-synuclein and ubiquitin protein

207
Q

If the alpha-synuclein and ubiquitin protein lumps affect the CORTEX first, it is called ______

A

Dementia with lewy bodies

208
Q

If the alpha-synuclein and ubiquitin protein lumps affect the SUBSTANTIA NIGRA first, it is called ______

A

Parkinson’s disease

209
Q

A dark core surrounded by a pale corona is a (plaque/ tangle/ lewy body)

A

lewy body

210
Q

flame shaped (plaque/ tangle/ lewy body)

A

tangle of tau

211
Q

dementia with fluctuation in symptoms, visual hallucinations and delusions is (AD/ VD/ DLB/ FTLD/ PD)

A

DLB, Dementia with lewy bodies

212
Q

what are normal, mild, mod and severe on the Mini mental status exam MMSE

A

normal: 27-30
mild: 20-30
moderate: 10-20
severe: 0-10

213
Q

freud’s life force was named _____

A

libido

214
Q

reversion to an earlier phase while under stress is called ____

A

regression

215
Q

extra investment of libido in one phase is called _______

A

fixation

216
Q

name the age range of each phase:

  1. oral
  2. anal
  3. oedipal/electra
  4. Latency
A
  1. oral: 0- 1+1/2
  2. anal: 1+1/2 - 3
  3. oedipal/electra: 3- 6
  4. latency: 6- adolescents
217
Q

“the CIA is out to get me!” (delusional projection/ psychotic denial/ distortion)

A

delusional projection

218
Q

“I am not Eric, I am jesus christ!” (delusional projection/ psychotic denial/ distortion)

A

psychotic denial,denial of external reality

219
Q

“You are the psych resident? I am the great psychologist Kaufmann!” (delusional projection/ psychotic denial/ distortion)

A

distortion

220
Q

What are the 3 psychotic defense mechanisms?

A
  1. delusional projection
  2. psychotic denial
  3. distortion
221
Q

What are 4 immature defense mechanisms?

A
  1. Projection
  2. Somatization
  3. Acting Out
  4. Splitting
222
Q

What are the Neurotic defenses?

A
  1. Denial
  2. Displacement
  3. Dissociation
  4. identification
  5. intellectualization
  6. Isolation
  7. Rationalization
  8. Reaction formation
  9. Regression
  10. Undoing
223
Q

What are the Mature defenses?

A
  1. Altruism
  2. Sublimation
  3. Anticipation
  4. Suppression
  5. Humor
224
Q

redirection of emotions to a substitute that were originally felt in childhood is called ________

A

transference

225
Q

redirection of a psychotherapist’s feelings toward a client is called ________

A

countertransference

226
Q

Acute pain is less than 1 ____

A

week

227
Q

Chronic pain is longer than _______

A

6 months

228
Q

Opioid are more frequently given to patients with a (higher/lower) level of education

A

lower

229
Q

Which is better for neuropathic pain (opioid/NSAID)

A

opioid

230
Q

Which is better for inflammatory pain (opioid/NSAID)

A

NSAID

231
Q

Redirecting feelings towards a less cared for object rather than the thing that is causing the arousal is called ________

A

displacement, neurotic

232
Q

feelings are acknowledged, modified and directed towards a significant person or goal so that modest satisfaction results

A

sublimation, mature

233
Q

the conscious decision to postpone paying attention to a impulse or conflict is called ________

A

suppression, mature

234
Q

unable to accept facts about reality is called _______

A

denial, neurotic

235
Q

providing superficially reasonable accounts to explain away negative feelings is called _______

A

rationalization, neurotic

236
Q

realistic planning for future discomfort is called _______

A

anticipation, mature

237
Q

protecting against past negative events by ‘corrective’ behaviors such as superstitious rituals is called _______

A

undoing

238
Q

what are 2 antidepressant SNRIs for chronic pain?

A
  1. duloxetine
  2. milnacipran
    may have 5HT or NE side effects
239
Q

A TCA for pain is ________

A

Amitriptyline

240
Q

What is SBIRT?

A

Screening, brief motivational intervention, referral, treatment. For people with substance disorders

241
Q

What are the 6 common types of psychotherapy?

A
  1. Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic
  2. Interpersonal
  3. Family
  4. Behavioral
  5. Cognitive
  6. Cognitive Behavioral
242
Q

improvement of results when receiving attention is known as the _________ effect

A

Hawthorne

243
Q

good for depression, anxiety or personality disorders

(1. Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic
2. Interpersonal
3. Family
4. Behavioral
5. Cognitive
6. Cognitive Behavioral)

A

Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic

244
Q

relieves symptoms by unlearning maladaptive behaviors

(1. Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic
2. Interpersonal
3. Family
4. Behavioral
5. Cognitive
6. Cognitive Behavioral)

A

behavioral

245
Q

good for role disputes, role transitions, loss and grief

(1. Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic
2. Interpersonal
3. Family
4. Behavioral
5. Cognitive
6. Cognitive Behavioral)

A

interpersonal

246
Q

based on the idea that problematic relations early in life predisposes you to develop current disorder

(1. Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic
2. Interpersonal
3. Family
4. Behavioral
5. Cognitive
6. Cognitive Behavioral)

A

interpersonal

247
Q

token economy is a form of:

(1. Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic
2. Interpersonal
3. Family
4. Behavioral
5. Cognitive
6. Cognitive Behavioral)

A

behavioral

248
Q

Replaces presumed distorted appraisals with more adaptive appraisals

(1. Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic
2. Interpersonal
3. Family
4. Behavioral
5. Cognitive
6. Cognitive Behavioral)

A

cognitive

alters pts schema

249
Q

behavior change can be effected through cognitive change

(1. Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic
2. Interpersonal
3. Family
4. Behavioral
5. Cognitive
6. Cognitive Behavioral)

A

CBT

250
Q

sudden dramatic loss of one or more voluntary motor and/or sensory function suggesting a neurological etiology is a _______ ________

A

Conversion disorder

251
Q

Hypochondriasis is similar to which anxiety disorder?

A

GAD

252
Q

protracted pain longer than is expected severe enough to seek medical attention is called _______

A

pain disorder

253
Q

Formerly known as munchausens, now called _______

A

Factitious disorder

254
Q

being sick for gains such as to be cared for or be an expert are components of ______ ______

A

Factitious disorder

255
Q

When a parent feigns or induces illness in their child it is called _______

A

Factitious disorder by proxy

256
Q

Conscious simulation or exaggeration of an illness to achieve secondary gain is called _________

A

malingering, may be a crime

257
Q

disturbance in the level of consciousness, cognition, perception, judgement, affect or behavior due to a drug is called ________

A

intoxication

258
Q

dependance is due to _______ or drug receptors

A

down regulation

259
Q

alcohol potentiates the ______ receptor

A

GABAa

260
Q

A reversal agent for Benzo OD is _______

A

flumazenil

261
Q

dopamine is made in the _______

A

Ventral tegmental area

262
Q

What part of the brain is the “wranglers” that control the DA circuit of VTA -> NAc -> Limbic ->VTA?

A

OFC, orbitofrontal cortex
VMPFC, ventromedial prefrontal cortex
DLPFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

263
Q

with a stimulant, pupils (myosis/ mydriasis)

with an opioid, pupils (myosis/ mydriasis)

A

stimulant: mydriasis
opioid: myosis

264
Q

You can die of withdrawal from (cocaine/ alcohol/ heroin)

A

alcohol only

265
Q

what is the nicotine receptor partial agonist used to help quit smoking?

A

Verenicline

266
Q

The best treatment to quit smoking is a combination of ______ and ______

A

Verenicline and nicotine replacement

MS II Unit 3 (10 decks)

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