Behavior Science (Human Brain And Behavior)

Question 1

What is the central nervous system?

Answer 1

Controls most function of the body and mind
Parts - brain and spinal cord

Question 2

What is the Limbic system?

Answer 2

Part of the brain involves in our behavior and emotional response

Question 3

What is peripheral nervous system?

Answer 3

Transmits information to and from CNS
Parts - All nerves and ganglia outside the brain and spinal cord

Question 4

What are the two types of dysfunction of the brain?

Answer 4

Localized and Diffuse

Question 5

What is Localized and diffuse?

Answer 5

Localized - Specific area for example brain tumors, abscesses, stroke or head injuries
Diffuse - large areas for example Hypoglycemia, Hypoxia, Meningitis, Alzheimars

Question 6

What is the midbrain composed of?

Answer 6

• Coliculli, tegmentum and cerebral penducles
• process auditory and visual information. It also helps to control muscle and tone posture. Houses the hypothalamus

Question 7

What happens if the midbrain is damaged?

Answer 7

Movement disorders, difficulty with vision, hearing and memory

Question 8

What does the Reticular formation do?

Answer 8

It is surrounded by the pons and it deals with reflexes, muscle tone, sleeping, state of consciousness and walking

Question 9

What happens if the reticular formation is damaged?

Answer 9

Fatigue, changes in sexual arousal, and disrupts sleep patterns but in severe cases it can lead to irreversible coma or death

Question 10

What does the frontal lobe do?

Answer 10

It does voluntary movement, high level cognition, reasoning, and expressive language

Question 11

What does the parietal lobe do?

Answer 11

Process tactile information (pressure, touch, and pain), limb position and spatial awareness

Question 12

What does the temporal lobe do?

Answer 12

Primary auditory cortex. Interpret sound and language

Question 13

What does the occipital lobe do?

Answer 13

Interpret visual stimuli and information

Question 14

What happens when there is damage to the frontal lobe?

Answer 14

Brocha Aphasia (difficult saying words), facial/arm paralysis on the opposite side , change in behavior (apathy/inattention), loss of ability to solve problems

Question 15

What happens when there is damage to the parietal lobe?

Answer 15

Wernicke Aphasia (difficulty understanding words), numbness, unable to do simple tasks, writing, calculations and difficulty organizing space

Question 16

What happens when there is damage to the temporal lobe?

Answer 16

Loss of ability to interpret sounds and language

Question 17

What happens when there is damage to the occipital lobe?

Answer 17

Loss of ability to recognize objects by sight

Question 18

What do the pons do?

Answer 18

The coordination center for signals to flow and associated with many autonomic functions for example breathing, taste and sleeping

Question 19

What happens when the pons get damage?

Answer 19

Loss of all muscle function except for eye movement

Question 20

What does the cerebellum do?

Answer 20

In charge of the motor activity or body movement. Motor learning , reflex memory, mental function, emotional processing. Controls heartbeat and pressure

Question 21

What happens if the cerebellum is damaged?

Answer 21

Loss of coordination of motor movement, poor targeting

Question 22

What does the medulla do?

Answer 22

It controls involuntary actions (breathing, coughing, sneezing and swallowing. It is essential in maintaining the posture of the body and breathing

Question 23

What happens if the medulla gets damaged?

Answer 23

Respiratory failure, paralysis, or loss of sensation

Question 24

What does the forebrain do?

Answer 24

Serves primarily as reflex center for orienting the eyes and ears. Helps with reasoning and problem solving. Helps regulate endocrine functions

Parts - Hypothalamus, Thalamus and cerebral cortex

Question 25

What does the hypothalamus (homeostasis and sympathetic nervous system) do?

Answer 25

- regulates hunger and thirst - a control center that includes a body thermostat and biological clock - plays role in sexual and matching behaviors - initiates fight or flight response

Question 26

What does the thalamus do?

Answer 26

- main inout center for sensory info going to the cerebrum - sorts incoming info from all senses, as well as the cerebral cortex before being sent for processing - involved with consciousness, alertness and sleeping

Question 27

What happens when the hypothalamus is damaged?

Answer 27

Fatigue, Fluctuations in body temperature, Insomnia, Sex gland deficiency, and Hypothalamic obesity.

Question 28

What happens when the thalamus is damaged?

Answer 28

Coma, Movement disorders, Incorrect speech patterns, Struggling to find the right words, apathy and memory problems.

Question 29

What are the sensory neurons (Afferent)?

Answer 29

1.Detect and Response 2.Neurons that transmit messages from nerves (PNS) to CNS. 3.Allow us to take in sensory information and send it to the brain and spinal cord.

Question 30

What does the motor neurons (efferent) do?

Answer 30

1.Neurons transmit messages from CNS to organs and muscles. 2.Allow us to take physical action in response to stimuli in the environment.

Question 31

What does the reflex arc (involuntary muscle responses) do?

Answer 31

1.Results in an extremely quick muscle contraction in response to a stimulus. 2.It can occur with just a single sensory and motor neuron that synapse in the spinal cord.

Question 32

What are the two parts of the limbic system?

Answer 32

Amygdala (emotions) Hippocampus (memory conversion)

Question 33

What does the Amygdala do?

Answer 33

Play a central role in emotional response and attaches emotional content to memories.

Question 34

What does the Hippocampus do?

Answer 34

Memory centre of the brain and learn new things. It's also important for spatial orientation.

Question 35

What happens if there is damage to the Amygdala?

Answer 35

Poor decision- making and impaired emotional memories.

Question 36

What happens if there is damage to the Hippocampus?

Answer 36

Inability to form new memories, spatial memory, unable to remember directions/locations and orientations.

Question 37

What does the Autonomic nervous system do?

Answer 37

1.Responsible for regulating involuntary physiological processes and influences the activity of the internal organs. 2.Helps the body in adjusting and balancing the body according to any circumstances. 3. Involves only efferent pathway

Question 38

What does the sympathetic nervous system do?

Answer 38

1.Prepares the body to respond to environmental threats. 2.Fight-or-flight response. All actions that help an organism evade danger. 3.Found in the chain of sympathetic ganglia near the spinal column. 4.Examples include regulating sweating, influences metabolism, raising the heart rate, influences kidney activity, and increased breathing rate.

Question 39

What does the parasympathetic nervous system do?

Answer 39

1.Helps maintain normal body functions and conserve physical resources. 2.Rest-or-Digest response. All actions occur best in a state of relaxation. 3.Found in the brainstem and the lower spinal cord. 4.Examples include digestion of food, the expulsion of waste, reduce blood flow to muscles, slow heart rate, and slow breathing.