Behavior Science (Human Brain And Behavior) Flashcards
What is the central nervous system?
Controls most function of the body and mind
Parts - brain and spinal cord
What is the Limbic system?
Part of the brain involves in our behavior and emotional response
What is peripheral nervous system?
Transmits information to and from CNS
Parts - All nerves and ganglia outside the brain and spinal cord
What are the two types of dysfunction of the brain?
Localized and Diffuse
What is Localized and diffuse?
Localized - Specific area for example brain tumors, abscesses, stroke or head injuries
Diffuse - large areas for example Hypoglycemia, Hypoxia, Meningitis, Alzheimars
What is the midbrain composed of?
- Coliculli, tegmentum and cerebral penducles
- process auditory and visual information. It also helps to control muscle and tone posture. Houses the hypothalamus
What happens if the midbrain is damaged?
Movement disorders, difficulty with vision, hearing and memory
What does the Reticular formation do?
It is surrounded by the pons and it deals with reflexes, muscle tone, sleeping, state of consciousness and walking
What happens if the reticular formation is damaged?
Fatigue, changes in sexual arousal, and disrupts sleep patterns but in severe cases it can lead to irreversible coma or death
What does the frontal lobe do?
It does voluntary movement, high level cognition, reasoning, and expressive language
What does the parietal lobe do?
Process tactile information (pressure, touch, and pain), limb position and spatial awareness
What does the temporal lobe do?
Primary auditory cortex. Interpret sound and language
What does the occipital lobe do?
Interpret visual stimuli and information
What happens when there is damage to the frontal lobe?
Brocha Aphasia (difficult saying words), facial/arm paralysis on the opposite side , change in behavior (apathy/inattention), loss of ability to solve problems
What happens when there is damage to the parietal lobe?
Wernicke Aphasia (difficulty understanding words), numbness, unable to do simple tasks, writing, calculations and difficulty organizing space
What happens when there is damage to the temporal lobe?
Loss of ability to interpret sounds and language
What happens when there is damage to the occipital lobe?
Loss of ability to recognize objects by sight
What do the pons do?
The coordination center for signals to flow and associated with many autonomic functions for example breathing, taste and sleeping
What happens when the pons get damage?
Loss of all muscle function except for eye movement
What does the cerebellum do?
In charge of the motor activity or body movement. Motor learning , reflex memory, mental function, emotional processing. Controls heartbeat and pressure
What happens if the cerebellum is damaged?
Loss of coordination of motor movement, poor targeting
What does the medulla do?
It controls involuntary actions (breathing, coughing, sneezing and swallowing. It is essential in maintaining the posture of the body and breathing
What happens if the medulla gets damaged?
Respiratory failure, paralysis, or loss of sensation
What does the forebrain do?
Serves primarily as reflex center for orienting the eyes and ears. Helps with reasoning and problem solving. Helps regulate endocrine functions
Parts - Hypothalamus, Thalamus and cerebral cortex
What does the hypothalamus (homeostasis and sympathetic nervous system) do?
- regulates hunger and thirst
- a control center that includes a body thermostat and biological clock
- plays role in sexual and matching behaviors
- initiates fight or flight response
What does the thalamus do?
- main inout center for sensory info going to the cerebrum
- sorts incoming info from all senses, as well as the cerebral cortex before being sent for processing
- involved with consciousness, alertness and sleeping
What happens when the hypothalamus is damaged?
Fatigue, Fluctuations in body temperature, Insomnia, Sex gland deficiency, and Hypothalamic obesity.
What happens when the thalamus is damaged?
Coma, Movement disorders, Incorrect speech patterns, Struggling to find the right words, apathy and memory problems.
What are the sensory neurons (Afferent)?
1.Detect and Response
2.Neurons that transmit messages from
nerves (PNS) to CNS.
3.Allow us to take in sensory information and
send it to the brain and spinal cord.
What does the motor neurons (efferent) do?
1.Neurons transmit messages from CNS to
organs and muscles.
2.Allow us to take physical action in response
to stimuli in the environment.
What does the reflex arc (involuntary muscle responses) do?
1.Results in an extremely quick muscle
contraction in response to a stimulus.
2.It can occur with just a single sensory and
motor neuron that synapse in the spinal cord.
What are the two parts of the limbic system?
Amygdala (emotions)
Hippocampus (memory conversion)
What does the Amygdala do?
Play a central role in emotional response and attaches emotional content to memories.
What does the Hippocampus do?
Memory centre of the brain and learn new things. It’s also important for spatial orientation.
What happens if there is damage to the Amygdala?
Poor decision- making and impaired emotional memories.
What happens if there is damage to the Hippocampus?
Inability to form new memories, spatial memory, unable to remember directions/locations and orientations.
What does the Autonomic nervous system do?
1.Responsible for regulating involuntary physiological processes and influences the activity of the internal organs.
2.Helps the body in adjusting and balancing the body according to any circumstances.
3. Involves only efferent pathway
What does the sympathetic nervous system do?
1.Prepares the body to respond to environmental threats.
2.Fight-or-flight response. All actions that help an organism evade danger.
3.Found in the chain of sympathetic ganglia near the spinal column.
4.Examples include regulating sweating, influences metabolism, raising the heart rate, influences kidney activity, and increased breathing rate.
What does the parasympathetic nervous system do?
1.Helps maintain normal body functions and conserve physical resources.
2.Rest-or-Digest response. All actions occur best in a state of relaxation.
3.Found in the brainstem and the lower spinal cord.
4.Examples include digestion of food, the expulsion of waste, reduce blood flow to muscles, slow heart rate, and slow breathing.
