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Medicine > Behavior Science (Health, Stress And Coping) > Flashcards

Behavior Science (Health, Stress And Coping) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the sources of stress?

A

Frustration, daily hassles, pressure, conflicts, environmental conditions, life events and catastrophes

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2
Q

What are the symptoms of stress?

A
  • cognitive
    Difficulty in concentrating
    Constant worrying
    Difficult making decisions
  • Emotional
    Irritable
    Sadness
    Feeling overwhelmed
  • Behavioral
    Isolating self
    Snapping at people
    Smoking or drinking more
  • physical
    Headaches
    Muscle tension or pains
    Sleep problems
    Feeling tired all the time
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3
Q

What are daily hassles?

A

Annoying everyday life events such as being late, run out of soap

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4
Q

What is pressure?

A

When a person must meet urgent external demands or expectations such as expected to achieve a certain CGPA or the scholarship will be withdrawn

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5
Q

What is frustration?

A

A negative emotional state that occurs when one is prevented from reaching desired goal

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6
Q

What is external frustration and personal frustration?

A
  • External frustration - is based on external conditions that prevent progress toward a goal
  • personal frustration - caused by personal characteristics that prevent progress toward a goal
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7
Q

What are conflicts?

A

Stressful condition that occurs when a person must choose between contradictory needs, desires, motives or demands.

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8
Q

What are the four types of conflicts?

A
  • approach-approach conflicts - choice between two appealing outcomes
  • avoidance - avoidance conflicts - choice between two unappealing outcomes
  • Approach avoidance conflict - one goal with both appealing and unappealing aspects.
  • multi approach avoidance conflicts - when several alternatives have positive and negative features
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9
Q

What are the environmental conditions?

A
  • High or low temperature
  • Air pollution
  • Noise
  • increase humidity
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10
Q

What are catastrophes?

A
  • unpredictable, large scale events
  • can be extremely stressful and change our lives
  • may lead to PTSD
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11
Q

What is type A personality?

A

Person who is ambitious, time conscious, extremely hardworking, and tends to have high level of hostility and anger as well as being easily annoyed. They find it difficult to relax and do nothing. Has greater risks of coronary heart disease.

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12
Q

What is type B personality?

A

Person who are not competitive or driven, tend to be easy going, slow to anger, seem relaxed and at peace. They can relax without guilt

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13
Q

What is type C personality?

A

Person who are tend to be very pleasant and try to keep the peace but find it difficult to express emotions, especially negative ones. They tend to internalize their anger and always lonely. These personality strongly associate with cancer

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14
Q

What factors influence stress reactions?

A
  • age, gender and ethnicity
  • predictability and control
  • social support
  • intelligence, appraisal of stress, personality
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15
Q

How does gender difference relate to stress?

A

Men are more likely to experience lasting reactions to traumatic events. For example losing a spouse through divorce or death is more detrimental to the health of men than women

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16
Q

What gender does the fight or flight response mainly affect?

A

Men

17
Q

What is tend and befriend

A

It is the process of bonding especially for women with two purposes:

  • to create ways to defends against the threat such as unreasonable employed
  • to create relationship with other women for social support which tends to reduce their own emotional and psychological responses to the threat
18
Q

How does ethnic differences relate to stress?

A
  • minority groups experience stereotypes, prejudice and racism
  • they obtain fewer of the advantages the majority group receives
  • stress due to rapid acculturation of children into the new culture
  • parents are stressed y their children’s changing behavior and children are sometimes stressed by pressure from their parents to maintain the language and standards of their culture
19
Q

What happens in the alarm stage in GAS of stress reaction?

A
  • body’s initial response to any threat is to mobilize its stored resources
  • adrenal cortex releases glucocorticoids
  • increases heart rate, blood pressure and blood sugar levels
  • supplies a burst of energy that helps the person deal with the stressful situation
20
Q

What happens in the resistance stage in GAS reaction?

A
  • the body’s resources have been fully mobilized, and the resistance to stress is high
  • release of glucocorticoids continued to help the body resist stressors
  • length of the stage depends on the intensity of the stressor and the body’s power to adapt
21
Q

What happens in the exhaustion stage in GAS reaction?

A
  • if the stress continues,the individual’s resources may become exhausted and resistance to the stress is lowered
  • prolonged exposure to severe physical stress can disrupt bodily functions or even cause death
  • only occur if the organism fails in its efforts to resist
  • all the stores of deep energy are depleted, which is followed by disintegration and death
22
Q

How does stress and heart disease relate?

A
  • studies have found that chronic stress doubles the risk of myocardial ischemia and increases the risk of cardiac-related deaths
  • highly stressed people also consume more high calorie food namely sugary and fatty foods
  • Also use cigarettes and alcohol to reduce stress but with negative consequences
23
Q

What is the def on coping?

A

Cognitive and behavioral efforts to overcome internal and external demands and conflicts

24
Q

What are the two main functions of coping?

A
  • manage the sources of stress (problem-focused coping)
  • regulation of stressful emotions (emotion-focused coping)
25
Q

What is problem focused coping? 

A

Coping strategies that try to eliminate the source of a stress or reduce its impact through direct actions

26
Q

What is emotional focused coping?

A

Coping strategies that change the impact of a stressor by changing the emotional reaction to the stressor

27
Q

What are the psychological defense mechanisms of stress?

A

– Denial
- repression
- projection
- displacement
- regression
- reaction formation

28
Q

What is a denial?

A

Refusing to accept or believe in reality, usually occurs with death and illness.

29
Q

What does repression?

A

Pushing, threatening or conflicting events or situations out of conscious memory.

30
Q

What is projection?

A

Placing one’s own unacceptable thought onto others, as if the thoughts belong to them and not to oneself

31
Q

What is displacement?

A

Expressing feelings that would be threatening if directed at the real target onto a less threatening to substitute situations.

32
Q

What is regression?

A

Falling back on child like patterns as a way of coping with stressful situation

33
Q

What is reaction formation?

A

Forming emotional reaction or attitude that is the opposite of one’s an acceptable actual thoughts

Medicine (9 decks)

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