BEHAVIOR Flashcards
What is the book “ on the origins of species”
A book written by Charles Darwin. It was the intro to the theory of evolution
What is evolution?
The natural process of slow changes and development generally leading to new species of plants and animals over a long time
What is a species?
Classification given to a group of similar living organisms who can exchange genes and reproduce young
What is natural selection?
Rewards appropriate responses vs less successful responses that lead to death. Without reproduction this leads to extinction.
What are instincts?
Developed through natural selection, instincts allow a species to adapt to their environment and reproduce. These are inherited or genetically coded
Who is Pavolov and what did he do?
He was a animal psychologist that challenged Darwin’s theory and believed behavior is learned.
What are involuntary/unconditioned responses?
A simple reflex behavior
What is unconditioned stimuli?
Something that produces an unconditioned response.
What is behaviorism?
The theory that behavior is learned rather than genetically programmed
Who is John B. Watson?
He was an animal physiologists who originated behaviorism with his experiments. He claimed that emotional reactions are learned in the same way as other skills.
What is classical conditioning?
Believe behavioral consistency is instrumental
What is operant conditioning?
A method of learning that uses rewards and punishments to modify behavior.
Who is BF Skinner?
A behaviorist who experimented on rats by trial an error - operant conditioning
What is an ethologist ?
A zoologist that studies behavior or animals in their natural habitats.
What is sociobiology?
A study that seeks to extent the concept of natural selection
