Behavior

Question 1

genes

Answer 1

sequence of DNA that controls or partially controls physical characteristics

Question 2

allele

Answer 2

specific type of gene

Question 3

genotype

Answer 3

genetic makeup of an individual

Question 4

phenotype

Answer 4

individual’s inheritable physical characteristics

Question 5

polygenetic

Answer 5

traits controlled by more than one gene

Question 6

mutation

Answer 6

sudden, permanent change in a gene

Question 7

range of reaction

Answer 7

our genes set the boundaries within which we can operate, and our
environment interacts with the genes to determine where in that range we will fall

Question 8

genetic environmental correlation

Answer 8

our genes influence our environment, and our environment

influences the expression of our genes

Question 9

epigenetics

Answer 9

study of how the same genotype can lead to very different phenotypes

Question 10

Glial cells

Answer 10

nervous system cell that provides physical and metabolic support to neurons, including
neuronal insulation and communication, and nutrient and waste transport

Question 11

neuron

Answer 11

cells that are essential for all tasks in the nervous system that act as interconnected information processors

Question 12

Agonists

Answer 12

chemicals that mimic a neurotransmitter at the receptor site

Question 13

antagonist

Answer 13

chemicals that block or impede the normal activity of a neurotransmitter at the receptor

Question 14

central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 14

brain and spinal cord

Question 15

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Answer 15

connects the brain and spinal cord to the muscles, organs and senses
in the rest of the body

Question 16

somatic nervous system

Answer 16

subdivision of PNS involved in stress-related activities and functions

Question 17

autonomic nervous system

Answer 17

subdivision of PNS controls our internal organs and glands

Question 18

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 18

involved in stress-related activities and functions

Question 19

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 19

associated with routine, day-to-day operations of the body

Question 20

Homeostasis

Answer 20

state of equilibrium in the body when the biological conditions are maintained at
optimal levels

Question 21

fight or flight response

Answer 21

When the sympathetic nervous system is activated allowing access to energy reserves and heightened sensory capacity

Question 22

midbrain

Answer 22

structures located deep within the brain between the forebrain and hindbrain

Question 23

hindbrain

Answer 23

located at the back of the head and contains

the medulla, pons, and cerebellum

Question 24

brainstem

Answer 24

medulla, pons and midbrain

Question 25

cerebellum

Answer 25

“little brain” receives messages from muscles, tendons, and structures in the ear

Question 26

endocrine system

Answer 26

series of glands that produce hormones

Question 27

hormones

Answer 27

chemical substances that carry messages throughout the body and are released close to their receptors