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Holistic Eco-Social Approaches to Mental Health > Beginning Concepts in Cognitive Science > Flashcards

Beginning Concepts in Cognitive Science Flashcards

1
Q

Define cognition

A

mental processes that relates to; acquisition, storage, manipulation, retrieval of information, information
guides behaviour

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2
Q

How does cognition help us?

A

interpret the world, use of senses to navigate

perceive, react, process, understand, store, retrieve info - make decisions and respond to stimuli

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3
Q

What is the role of cognition?

A

controls our thoughts, behaviours by neurotransmitter systems

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4
Q

What brain chemicals are involved in cognitive processes?

A 
dopamine = pleasure, satisfaction, motivation 
Noradrenaline = fight/flight, muscle and heart 
Serotonin = regulate mood
Acetylcholine = parasympathetic NS, contracts muscles, blood vessels, bodily secretion, slows HR
Glutamate = signals between nerve cells, learning/memory 
GABA = neurotransmitter in the brain, protects and calms
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5
Q

How cognition affects us?

A

cognition changing/adaption to new info, regulates behaviour
genetic + environmental
eg: FAS

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6
Q

Why is cognition important?

A

important for healthy development
deficits occur in neuropsychological disorders = biggest global health challenges/conditions associated with cognitive problems

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7
Q

Examples of cognitive impairment

A

dementia, critical brain injury/trauma, associated with obesity (impulse behaviour)

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8
Q

Form of cognitive measurements

A

cognitive assessments - measurement of abilities (memory, inhibition, etc)
computerised cognitive assessments - CANTAB

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9
Q

Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT)

A

modify cognitive, emotional, behaviour processes

understanding thought styles and processes to explain feelings

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10
Q

The thought-emotion cycle (CBT)

A

explore meanings given to situations, emotions, biology - negative automatic thoughts (NAT)
how thoughts appraise impact of events

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11
Q

New behavioural directions in CBT

A

model of behavioural + cognitive approach
developments in theory and knowledge = elaboration of interventions (activation), behavioural perspectives on mindfulness

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12
Q

Foundation behaviour therapy theory

A
  1. classical conditioning tradition - Pavlov - antecedents
  2. reinforcement tradition - Skinner - consequences
    ABC = antecedent-behaviour-consequences approach (functional analysis), functional of behaviour in its context
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13
Q

The operation of the ABC process

A

therapists - identifying triggers and consequences to encourage/discourage continuance

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14
Q

Identifying and working with antecedents (ABC)

A

recognition - questions
establishes types of triggers, factors that cause stress, interpersonal buttons

HOW modifiable they are

antecedents can be concrete external events

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15
Q

Identifying and modifying problematic behaviours (ABC)

A

more detail of behaviours as antecedents clarified

therapists - clear view on how behaviours can be modified by finding out more information on clients behaviours

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16
Q

Identifying and modifying consequences (ABC)

A

behaviours rewards/reinforced = repeated // punished = less likely
focus for change - whether changing consequences can alter situation

17
Q

Behaviour change as a ‘percentage game’ (ABC)

A

‘percentage game’ = more you test someone the more likely they are to make mitakes

AIM - forward momentum in behaviour change, reach ‘critical mass’ leading to momentum

18
Q

Behavioural activation: an intervention of choice when working with clients suffering depression

A

behavioural withdrawal = depression
behavioural activation develops skills in connecting with supportive environments
Since 18thC

19
Q

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT)

A

‘third wave’ therapies = changing r/ships to thoughts and experiences through acceptance, compassion, mindfulness
history in spiritual traditions

20
Q

Developing mindfulness and CBT for depression

A

depression = chronic, persistent, high relapse, episodes leading to depression

MBCT (Segal, Williams, Teasdale) prevent people from relapse = DECENTRING - ability to step back from experience and thought

21
Q

Decentring and depression

A

experiences of depression can lead to further episodes
preventing relapse - disengage from toxic modes
decentring - change content of thinking + r/ship to thoughts/experience

22
Q

Indigenous knowledge

A

understanding of interconnectedness between mind, bodies, world
‘going slow’ concept, stay in the moment

23
Q

Neuro-decolonisation

A

brain science - how brain functions in a colonial situation, how mind/brain activities can change neural networks to enable overcoming effects of colonisation

24
Q

What neuroscience research says

A

brains have capacity to change throughout our lives based on experiences
how brain changes depends on how we train the mind to engage

25
Q

Define neuroplasticity

A

brains capacity to change to accommodate wishes/experiences

plasticity paradox (Doidge) - brain keeping bad habits and disorders

26
Q

Note on negativity

Neuro-decolonisation

A

decolonise harmful emotions, thoughts, behaviours - acknowledge imbalance + courage to confront

brain wired for negativity - views more likely shaped by pessimism

27
Q

Neuro-decolonisation defined

A

= understanding how the mind and brain function and are shaped by the stresses of colonialism
stressors - racism, hate crimes, loss of land, mmortality, poverty etc

systematic use of exercises to transform, delete ineffective brain networks, encourage growth of new ones

28
Q

The neurobiology of mindfulness (and decolonisation)

A

neural systems used to achieve meditative states and determine effects of practice on structures/function
brain/processes changed by mindfulness

29
Q

Neuroplasticity

A

= brains ability to change according to experiences
neuro = brains nerve cells
plasticity = change shape/function/neural networks to accommodate experience

30
Q

The brain’s state and trait effects

A

state effects = changes that occur during active meditate
trait effects = changes overtime because of continuous meditation, permanent/long-lasting
optimistic traist in left side of prefrontal cortex (neurodecolonisation)

31
Q

Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex and Executive Brain Function

A

mindfulness meditation activates DLPFC, associated with decision making/attention
front part of the brain - working memory, cog flexibility
EBF = intelligence, judgement, behaviour

32
Q

Cognitive flexibility

A

= capacity to move from one task to another without difficulty
executive brain region - put off distractions/need for instant gratification
colonialism = instant gratification eg obesity

33
Q

Anterior Cingulate Cortex

A

attention, motivation, motor control, error detection, anticipation of tasks
important in neuro-decolonisation
mindfulness = activation in cingulate cortex

34
Q

Temporal Parietal Junction

A

activated during meditation
perceive emotional/mental state of others and respond (EI)
EI helps to understand levels of colonisation + neuro-colonisation activities that activate this part

35
Q

Amygdala

A

limbic system - processing fear/aggression and flight/fight
role in binge drinking, psych disorders (anxiety, OCD, PTSD)
meditation quiets activity of amygdala

36
Q

Insula

A

social emotions - lust, disgust, pride, guilt, empathy

‘gut’ feelings - awareness of internal body states

37
Q

Orbital Frontal Cortex

A

front of the brain - internal reality check, how we come across to others
neuro-decolonisation - understand our own OFC to recognise how it operates in our own world
‘colonial brain disorder’

38
Q

An Indigenous people’s neuro-decolonisation policy

A

oppressive colonialism - signal to brain of how we should respond
unhealthy brain = response of fear, frustration, anger, negativity

39
Q

Importance of neuro-decolonisation on the brain

A

how human brain function in colonial setting + use of mind/brain activities can change neural networks = enable and overcome effects of colonialism

Holistic Eco-Social Approaches to Mental Health (5 decks)

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