Before WW1 Flashcards
What was the Naval Race?
Competition between Germany and Britain. (1906-1914)
Why did Germans want to challenge the British navy and start the naval race?
Britain relied on the navy to keep sea routes open to its empire and protect its economic interests. Germany wanted to become a world power, and Britain saw this as a threat.
What was the main ship of the Naval Race?
Britain -> HMS Dreadnought (1906), was the most advanced warship.
* lead to Germany building its own dreadnought, starting the naval race.
Who won the naval race>
(1906-1918) Britain built 29 dreadnoughts while Germany built 17.
What was the First Moroccan Crisis
Political dispute between France and Germany. After France declared their intention of claiming Morocco
Where was the first Moroccan crisis?
In Morocco -> one of the few countries that hadn’t been colonised.
When was this? (Moroccan Crisis)
Dispute started in March 1905. Resolved with the Algeciras conference in April 1906.
What countries were involved? (Moroccan Crisis)
France had agreed with other European powers that it would take control of Morocco. Germany didn’t know about this.
Why did Kaiser go to Morocco? (Moroccan Crisis)
Kaiser wanted to promote Germany’s strength as a part of his weltpolitik strategy and to test the entente cordiale.
Entente Cordiale
Alliance/agreement between France and Britain
Why did Kaiser visit Morocco? (Moroccan Crisis)
Wilhelm visited Morocco to show his support for Morocco’s independence. Didn’t want France to be strong.
What was France’s reaction? (Moroccan Crisis)
Shocked by Germany and thought that Germany shouldn’t intervene because they hadn’t owned a lot of colonies.
Consequences of the Moroccan crisis
1) France ended controlling Morocco’s affairs, but countries were free to trade with them.
2) Strengthened entente cordiale, led to the anglo-russian agreement -> leading to the triple entente.
3) Angered Kaiser and would not back down in any further dispute.
What happened? (Second Moroccan Crisis)
After the political dispute between Germany and France, rebels rose up against the Moroccan Sultan and asks France and Spain for help.
When was the Second Moroccan Crisis?
March - November 1911
What was Germany’s response? (Second Moroccan Crisis)
Germany was upset and thought France were going against the Algeciras conference.
What are the 5 main consequences. (Second Moroccan Crisis)
1) Treaty of Fez -> France gains Morocco, but forced to give Germany a part of Congo.
2)Tensions -> shows countries willing to fight for their imperial interests.
3) Entente Cordiale -> Britain supports France
4) Division between Germany and Britain, and France & Russia get bigger.
5) Weakens Triple Alliance -> Italy did not support Germany.
Who were involved? (Second Moroccan Crisis)
France, Germany and Spain => Spain & France send troops in May 1911 to help. Germany send the SMS Panther.
How was it resolved? (Second Moroccan Crisis)
Germany was forced to leave due to a financial crisis.
What was the Bosnian Crisis?
1908 -> when Austro-Hungary annexed Bosnia, during the Turk Revolution
What are the 5 consequences of the Bosnian Crisis?
1) Increased tension between the Allies -> Russia supports Serbia, Germany supports Austro-Hungary.
2) Balkan League formed to force Turkey out of Europe.
3) Russia backs down and begins to re-arm.
4)Austro-Hungary can now rely on Germany
5) Triple Alliance is weakened, Italy doesn’t support Austro-Hungary.
When was the First Balkan War?
October 1912 - May 1913
Who were involved in the First Balkan War?
Turkey and the Balkan League (Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro and Serbia)
How did the First Balkan War end?
Turkey surrendered after 50 days of fighting and gave up its land in Europe to be divided between the Balkan states.
