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History > Before Christmas > Flashcards

Before Christmas Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a secondary source?

A

Second hand evidence-not directly from the past

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2
Q

What is carbon 14

A

This a method used to date fossils. When a living thing dies it releases carbon 14. The older the object the less carbon 14

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3
Q

What is dendrochronology?

A

The method used to date wooden objects. You count the rings or patterns

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4
Q

The steps of a dig are?

A
  1. get permission from the government
  2. clear the land
  3. grid the land
  4. use tools to help excavate
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5
Q

Name some tools used by archaologists?

A

Trowel-to dig
Sieve-make sure nothing is lost
Brushes-dust objects
Sight book-to record what was found

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6
Q

Name some ways archaologists find objects?

A

Aerial photography
Excavation
Geophysical servays
By accident

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7
Q

What is paleolithic?

A

Old Stone Age

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8
Q

What is Mesolithic?

A

Middle Stone Age

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9
Q

How did the first settlers in Ireland arrive?

A

In dug out canoes

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10
Q

What does hunter gather mean?

A

This means they hunted and animals and gathered fruits and nuts

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11
Q

What is a micro lint?

A

A small sharp tool(like a knife)

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12
Q

What was a hearth?

A

It was the fireplace in the centre of the home

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13
Q

What was the midden?

A

A heap of kitchen waste found at ancient sites

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14
Q

Describe what a house looked like in the Mesolithic stage?

A

They lived in a wooden circular hut. Wooden branches called saplings were bent into shape and covered with animal skins

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15
Q

In the Neolithic stage what did they eat?

A

They began to clear away the forest and grow crops

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16
Q

What houses dos they live in the Neolithic stage?

A

They lived in rectangular houses

17
Q

What is wattle and daub?

A

Wattle:method of weaving sticks
Daub:mix of straw and mud used for insulation

18
Q

What is a court cairn?

A

A burial custom in the Neolithic stage
Built from 2 standing stones. An entrance made up of two upright stones. There is a passage built leading to the burial chamber

19
Q

What is a dolmen?

A

A burial custom in the Neolithic stage. Consists of 3 standing stones with a huge capstone placed on top

20
Q

What is a passage tomb?

A

A burial custom in the Neolithic stage. Most impressive burial custom. A long passage leads to a chamber deep inside. The walls inside are made up of large upright slates

21
Q

What is bronze made out of?

A

Tin-imported from South England

Copper-mined from mount Gabriel

22
Q

What is smelting?

A

The process in which copper and Tim are melted together.

23
Q

What happened after it was smelted?

A

It was beaten into shape or poured into moulds

24
Q

How did they make flour?

A

They grinded it together using quern stones

25
Q

What was the fulacht fiadh?

A

A large rectangular hole filled with water. Roasting hot stones were added and then put into the hole to make the water boiling. The meat was then wrapped in straw and placed in the hole to cook

26
Q

What is a wedge tomb?

A

A burial custom in the Bronze Age. Vertical stones supporting a large flat stone at an angle. Looks like a wedge from the side.

27
Q

What is a cist grave

A

A burial custom in the Bronze Age. Much simpler and common. Visited of a grave with stones around the edge which the body was then placed in a crouch position. A large flat stone was then placed over the grave

28
Q

What were stone circles?

A

Monoliths were placed in a circle shape usually aligned in some way with the sun and may have been part of sun worship

29
Q

What were the celts known as?

A

The Gauls

30
Q

How do we know so much about the celts?

A
  1. celtic myths and ledgends
  2. descriptions from the Greeks n Romans
  3. archaological discovery
31
Q

What type of clothes dos they wear?

A

They wore brightly coloured clothing. They used berries to dye the clothes.

32
Q

What was ogham?

A

Ogham was a series of notches ingraved in a stone

33
Q

What were Celtic priests called?

A

Druids

34
Q

Describe the Celtic festival Samhain?

A

The most important festival that marked the beginning of a year

35
Q

Describe the Celtic festival bealtaine?

A

Sacrifices made for harvest
Cattle were driven between 2 fires
Ensured protection against disease

36
Q

What was a tuath?

A

A Celtic Kingdom

37
Q

What is a primary source?

A

A source directly from the past

History (9 decks)

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