BD Wood - (Rough & Finish) Flashcards
where do hard and soft woods come from?
Conifer = Soft Woods Deciduous = Hard Woods
when is lumber at its strongest?
When the load is relative to the direction of the wood grain.
where is wood the weakest?
when horizontal shear force is induced. which occurs when bending forces are applied to a beam and the fibers tend to slip apart parallel to the grain.
what is yard lumber?
its used for structural purposes and rough framing.
what are the grades of Lumber?
1 threw 5. 1 is the best quality. Its graded based upon the size and quality of knots.
what is board feet?
its measured by 12” wide 12” long and 1” deep. Based on nominal dimensions. its calculated buy width (inches) x Length (inches) x height (inches) / 144
what direction does wood most likely shrinks in?
the direction perpendicular to the grain.
what are standard thicknesses of ply wood?
1/4”, 3/8”, 1/2”, 5/8”, 3/4”
what are the grades of plywood?
A Face and back veneers practically free from all defects.
A/B Face veneers practically free from all defects. Reverse veneers with only a few small knots or discolorations.
A/BB Face as A but reverse side permitting jointed veneers, large knots, plugs, etc.
B Both side veneers with only a few small knots or discolorations.
B/BB Face veneers with only a few small knots or discolorations. Reverse side permitting jointed veneers, large knots, plugs, etc.
BB Both sides permitting jointed veneers, large knots, plugs, etc.
WG Guaranteed well glued only. All broken knots plugged.
X Knots, knotholes, cracks, and all other defects permitted.
what is blocking?
its wood framing installed between main structural members such as studs or joists to provide extra rigidity.
what is firestoping?
installed in concealed spaces of combustible construction to prevent the spread of fire caused by drafts.
what is a SIM (Structural Insulated Panel)
two outer levels of OSB sandwiching EPS foam (expanded Polystyrene)
what are advantages of SIPs?
- decreased construction time
- Improved insulation w/ no thermal bridging
- reduced air infiltration
- stringer than conventional studs/
what are Glue Lam depths in increments of?
1 1/2” - nominal width is reduced by 7/8” for sizes 6” and below, and 1/4” for sizes 8” and above.
how are nails sized?
penny or d
what is included in finish carpentry?
exposed wood construction, exterior wood siding, interior trim, door and window framing, stair framing, shelving and cabinetry & paneling
what is the WWPA?
Western Wood Products Association. they grade species of hard woods. These are classified as: Finish, Paneling, and commons.
B=Better grade, highest quality
C=select grade, appearance only slightly less than B & better
D= Select? Allows more defects than C select grade but is suitable where finish requirments are less exacting
what is Heartwood?
it comes from the center of the tree
what is Sapwood?
it comes from the perimeter of the tree
what is plain sawing?
the most efficient use of the log and least expensive. It cuts the boards/ panels perpendicular to the heart.
what is quarter sawing?
Cut perpendicular to the grain from the center out but in quarter sections. It results in uniform pattern vertical. These boards tend to twist and cup less. Shrink less in width, hold paint better.
what is rift sawing?
cuts are radial from the center. its expensive. But the grain is uniform all the way threw.
what is the AWI?
Architectural Woodwork Institute. They create the standards for architectural woodwork/ trim. Graded I, II, III based upon the percentage of a board that can be used by cutting out defects,
what are the 5 different ways to cut veneers?
1) Rotary
2) Plain slicing (perpendicular)
3) quarter slicing, parallel but centered from the heart
4) Half round, similar to rotary but the log is cut in half & veneer is cut slighly across the annular growth rings.
5) rift-cut: is accomplished by quartering a log & cutting at about 15deg angle to the growth rings. Like quarter slicing, it result in a straight-grain pattern.
