BCLS Flashcards
Meaning of BCLS
B – BASIC
C – CARDIOPULMONARY
L – LIFE
S – SUPPORT
What is cardiac arrest?
cardiopulmonary arrest is characterized by unresponsiveness and lack of normal breathing (with only an occasional gasp), and is most often the end result of apnea or respiratory failure leading to bradycardia and pulseless electrical activity or asystole.
Factors affecting development of airway
obstruction and Respiratory Failure in Infant and Child
- The infant’s tongue is proportionately large in relation to the size of the oropharynx.
- In the infant and child, the subglottic airway is smaller and more compliant and the
supporting cartilage less developed than in the adult. - The ribs and sternum normally contribute to the maintenance of lung volume.
- Infants and children have limited oxygen reserves.
TRUE OR FALSE: The infant’s tongue is larger in relation to the size of the oropharynx.
FALSE: The infant tongue is proportionately large in relation to the size of the oropharynx.
TRUE OR FALSE: In the infant and child, the
the subglottic airway is bigger and less compliant and the supporting cartilage is less developed than in the adult.
FALSE: In the infant and child, the subglottic airway is smaller and more compliant and the supporting cartilage less developed than in the adult.
TRUE OR FALSE: The ribs and sternum normally contribute to the maintenance of lung volume.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: Infants and children
have limitless oxygen reserves.
FALSE: Infants and children have limited oxygen reserve.
Why is the infant’s tongue size a risk?
The infant’s tongue is proportionately large in
relation to the size of the oropharynx. As a result, posterior displacement of the tongue occurs readily and may cause severe airway obstruction in the infant.
Where do we place the AUTOMATED EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATOR?
One pad at the front and one pad at the back between the shoulder blades
What is AED?
Automated external defibrillator
Usage of AED
Analyzes the heart rhythm of the patient and deliver an electric shock to patients who are experiencing cardiac arrest
What should we consider to perform high-quality CPR
- push hard
- push fast
- allow chest to recoil
- minimize interruptions
- Avoid excessive ventilation
Why do we need to allow the chest to recoil?
For the blood to pump in and out in the heart
Why should we avoid excessive ventilation?
It may decrease cardiac output as the size or pressure of the lungs increased from too much air, it will avoid the heart to expand which decreases coronary perfusion or blood to flow in the heart.
How many compressions for a single rescuer?
30 compressions: 2 breaths
How many compression for multiple rescuers
15 compressions: 2 breaths
What technique can we do for ages 1 to 12 years old?
one hand technique
TRUE OR FALSE: cells die when there is no oxygen
TRUE
meaning of FBAO
Foreign body airway obstruction
Why does FBAO happen to children more often?
Infants or babies undergo the oral stage
What do we do if the rhythm is shockable?
*Deliver Shock
* Proceed with CPR
* Establish an IV/IO Line
What do we do if the rhythm is non-shockable?
- Proceed with CPR
*Give Epinephrine
Meaning of ROSC
Return of spontaneous circulation
What do we do first in BCLS
Check and ensure that the scene is safe
When should we ensure that the scene is safe?
When the rescue first sees a potential victim
To identify a cardiac arrest in an unresponsive patient with no breathing, a healthcare provider must check a pulse for no more than?
10 seconds
You find an unresponsive patient without a pulse. You do not have a mask. What should be the next step for an untrained lay responder?
Begin CPR and perform mouth-to-mouth and nose resuscitation
where does the infant’s pulse assess?
brachial
What is the proper order of the infant chain of survival?
Recognition, call of EMS, CPR, Defribrillate, Post cardiac arrest care
Depth of compression for infants?
1 and a half (1 1/2) inches and lower 1/3 of the sternum
TRUE OR FALSE: If the casualty resumes normal breathing, carry or place the patient in a lateral position or left side
TRUE: to prevent aspirations
Meaning of EMS
Emergency Medical service
Give 1 nursing consideration in oxygen administration
monitor O2 saturation
Reversible causes Hs
- Hypoxia (give oxygen)
- Hypovolaemia (correct with IV fluids)
- Hypothermia (especially consider in cases of drowning – check with a low-reading thermometer).
- Hyperkalaemia. ECG may be characteristic of hyperkalemia. Give IV calcium chloride for hyperkalemia.
- Hydrogen Ions* (acidosis).
Reversible causes Ts
- Tension pneumothorax (consider if trauma or previous attempts to insert a central venous catheter).
- Tamponade (cardiac) – particularly in cases of trauma.
- Toxins or Tablets – consider reversal agents. See toxbase or the BNF.
- Thromboembolism (coronary or pulmonary) – consider thrombolytic drugs but these may take up to 90 minutes to work.
- Trauma*.
How do we perform CPR for infants
Draw an imaginary line from nipple to sternum and place your middle and ring finger next to your index finger. Lift your index finger and perform 30 compressions. (1 1001 1002 1003…..)
What tilt should we do when giving ventilation?
Perform a gentle head tilt – chin lift.
