BCLS

Question 1

Meaning of BCLS

Answer 1

B – BASIC
C – CARDIOPULMONARY
L – LIFE
S – SUPPORT

Question 2

What is cardiac arrest?

Answer 2

cardiopulmonary arrest is characterized by unresponsiveness and lack of normal breathing (with only an occasional gasp), and is most often the end result of apnea or respiratory failure leading to bradycardia and pulseless electrical activity or asystole.

Question 3

Factors affecting development of airway
obstruction and Respiratory Failure in Infant and Child

Answer 3

1. The infant’s tongue is proportionately large in relation to the size of the oropharynx.
2. In the infant and child, the subglottic airway is smaller and more compliant and the
   supporting cartilage less developed than in the adult.
3. The ribs and sternum normally contribute to the maintenance of lung volume.
4. Infants and children have limited oxygen reserves.

Question 4

TRUE OR FALSE: The infant’s tongue is larger in relation to the size of the oropharynx.

Answer 4

FALSE: The infant tongue is proportionately large in relation to the size of the oropharynx.

Question 5

TRUE OR FALSE: In the infant and child, the
the subglottic airway is bigger and less compliant and the supporting cartilage is less developed than in the adult.

Answer 5

FALSE: In the infant and child, the subglottic airway is smaller and more compliant and the supporting cartilage less developed than in the adult.

Question 6

TRUE OR FALSE: The ribs and sternum normally contribute to the maintenance of lung volume.

Answer 6

TRUE

Question 7

TRUE OR FALSE: Infants and children
have limitless oxygen reserves.

Answer 7

FALSE: Infants and children have limited oxygen reserve.

Question 8

Why is the infant’s tongue size a risk?

Answer 8

The infant’s tongue is proportionately large in
relation to the size of the oropharynx. As a result, posterior displacement of the tongue occurs readily and may cause severe airway obstruction in the infant.

Question 9

Where do we place the AUTOMATED EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATOR?

Answer 9

One pad at the front and one pad at the back between the shoulder blades

Question 10

What is AED?

Answer 10

Automated external defibrillator

Question 11

Usage of AED

Answer 11

Analyzes the heart rhythm of the patient and deliver an electric shock to patients who are experiencing cardiac arrest

Question 12

What should we consider to perform high-quality CPR

Answer 12

1. push hard
2. push fast
3. allow chest to recoil
4. minimize interruptions
5. Avoid excessive ventilation

Question 13

Why do we need to allow the chest to recoil?

Answer 13

For the blood to pump in and out in the heart

Question 14

Why should we avoid excessive ventilation?

Answer 14

It may decrease cardiac output as the size or pressure of the lungs increased from too much air, it will avoid the heart to expand which decreases coronary perfusion or blood to flow in the heart.

Question 15

How many compressions for a single rescuer?

Answer 15

30 compressions: 2 breaths

Question 16

How many compression for multiple rescuers

Answer 16

15 compressions: 2 breaths

Question 17

What technique can we do for ages 1 to 12 years old?

Answer 17

one hand technique

Question 18

TRUE OR FALSE: cells die when there is no oxygen

Answer 18

TRUE

Question 19

meaning of FBAO

Answer 19

Foreign body airway obstruction

Question 20

Why does FBAO happen to children more often?

Answer 20

Infants or babies undergo the oral stage

Question 21

What do we do if the rhythm is shockable?

Answer 21

*Deliver Shock
* Proceed with CPR
* Establish an IV/IO Line

Question 22

What do we do if the rhythm is non-shockable?

Answer 22

• Proceed with CPR
  *Give Epinephrine

Question 23

Meaning of ROSC

Answer 23

Return of spontaneous circulation

Question 24

What do we do first in BCLS

Answer 24

Check and ensure that the scene is safe

Question 25

When should we ensure that the scene is safe?

Answer 25

When the rescue first sees a potential victim

Question 26

To identify a cardiac arrest in an unresponsive patient with no breathing, a healthcare provider must check a pulse for no more than?

Answer 26

10 seconds

Question 27

You find an unresponsive patient without a pulse. You do not have a mask. What should be the next step for an untrained lay responder?

Answer 27

Begin CPR and perform mouth-to-mouth and nose resuscitation

Question 28

where does the infant’s pulse assess?

Answer 28

brachial

Question 29

What is the proper order of the infant chain of survival?

Answer 29

Recognition, call of EMS, CPR, Defribrillate, Post cardiac arrest care

Question 30

Depth of compression for infants?

Answer 30

1 and a half (1 1/2) inches and lower 1/3 of the sternum

Question 31

TRUE OR FALSE: If the casualty resumes normal breathing, carry or place the patient in a lateral position or left side

Answer 31

TRUE: to prevent aspirations

Question 32

Meaning of EMS

Answer 32

Emergency Medical service

Question 33

Give 1 nursing consideration in oxygen administration

Answer 33

monitor O2 saturation

Question 34

Reversible causes Hs

Answer 34

1. Hypoxia (give oxygen)
2. Hypovolaemia (correct with IV fluids)
3. Hypothermia (especially consider in cases of drowning – check with a low-reading thermometer).
4. Hyperkalaemia. ECG may be characteristic of hyperkalemia. Give IV calcium chloride for hyperkalemia.
5. Hydrogen Ions* (acidosis).

Question 35

Reversible causes Ts

Answer 35

1. Tension pneumothorax (consider if trauma or previous attempts to insert a central venous catheter).
2. Tamponade (cardiac) – particularly in cases of trauma.
3. Toxins or Tablets – consider reversal agents. See toxbase or the BNF.
4. Thromboembolism (coronary or pulmonary) – consider thrombolytic drugs but these may take up to 90 minutes to work.
5. Trauma*.

Question 36

How do we perform CPR for infants

Answer 36

Draw an imaginary line from nipple to sternum and place your middle and ring finger next to your index finger. Lift your index finger and perform 30 compressions. (1 1001 1002 1003…..)

Question 37

What tilt should we do when giving ventilation?

Answer 37

Perform a gentle head tilt – chin lift.