ANESTHESIA Flashcards
Comes from the Greek word Anesthesis meaning:
a. sensation
b. negative sensation
c. positive sensation
b
produces muscle relaxation, block transmission of pain, nerve impulses and suppress reflexes
anesthesia
Decreases temporarily the memory of retrieval and recall
anesthesia
the following are types of anesthesia except:
a. general anesthesia
b. regional anesthesia
c. local anesthesia
d. peripheral anesthesia
d
which is not true about general anesthesia?
a. places the entire body, including the brain, into a state of unconsciousness (sleep) during which the patient has no awareness and feels nothing, and will remember nothing of the surgical experience
b. this is commonly induced either via inhalation or injection thru IV
c. Inhalation type uses gas or vapor formulations and it is delivered via face masks
d. Intravenous type is not incorporated in the intravenous solution or bolus (undiluted)
d
a type of general anesthesia that prepares the client for a smooth transition to surgical anesthesia. Effects are extremely rapid and require artificial airway
IV anesthesia
a type of general anesthesia that comprises volatile liquids or gas and oxygen
Inhalation anesthesia
Select all intravenous anesthesia:
a. thiopental Na (pentothal Na)
b. methohexical Na (brevital)
c. fentanyl (sublimaze)
d. diazepam (valium)
e. midazolam (versed)
f. nitrous oxide
g. isoflurane
A to E
select all inhalation anesthesia:
a. nitrous oxide
b. diazepam
c. halothane
d. isoflurane
e. methohexital Na
f. enfluorane
a,c,d,f
Meaning of MAC?
a. Monitored Anesthesia Care
b. Mac and Cheese
c. Monitoring Anesthesia Care
d. Monitors for Anesthesia Care
A
What is MAC? select that all applies
a. is the intravenous administration of mild sedatives to help a patient relax and relieve anxiety during minor procedures that do not require general anesthesia
b.is the injection of a local anesthetic around major nerves or the spinal cord to block the pain from a large region of the body, such as a limb
c. Provide comfort & safety during diagnostic/therapeutic procedures: biopsies, colonoscopies
A and C
Nurse Meghan is learning about regional anesthesia in preparation for the next surgical procedure. Which following statements need further discussion?
a. is the injection of a local anesthetic around major nerves or the spinal cord to block the pain from a large region of the body, such as a limb
b. provides muscle relaxation, and postoperative pain relief since its numbing effects can last 24 hours, depending upon the dose
c. amplifies the need for pain medicine after surgery, and other side effects such as nausea
d. If necessary, a mild sedative may be given to help patients relax or sleep during surgery
B - 8 to 12 hours only
C - reduces
TRUE OR FALSE: Epidural and Spinal anesthesia can be used for most surgeries above the belly button
FALSE - below
TRUE OR FALSE: An IV must first be inserted since these procedures require the patient to be properly hydrated
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: Both epidural and spinal anesthesia use a local anesthetic to numb the area where the needle is inserted
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: Depending on the type of surgery, patients must not be placed under general anesthesia or a mild sedative that allows them to relax and/or sleep.
FALSE - patients may also be placed under general anesthesia or a mild sedative that allows them to relax and/or sleep.
Where do you inject the epidural anesthesia? Select all statements that are correct
a. administer it in lower back or lumbar region
b. must inject within the epidural space around the spine
c. must insert it between the vertebrae of the spinal column
d. administer it in upper back region
except d
which is not true about epidural anesthesia?
a. Once in place, a small catheter (tube) is placed into the epidural space via the needle, and then the needle is removed, leaving the catheter in place. Local anesthetics and narcotics are then given through the catheter.
b. The procedure usually takes 30 minutes.
c. Because an epidural uses a catheter, pain medicine can continue to be administered to provide post-operative pain relief if needed.
B it should be 10 to 25 minutes
How should we inject spinal anesthesia?
Select statements that apply
a. administered in the lower back/lumbar region
b. spinal needle that is inserted between the vertebrae of the spinal column
c. into the dural membrane, which covers the spine and nerve roots
d. into the spinal membrane, which covers the spines and spine roots
all except D
Which is true about spinal anesthesia. Select that all applies
a. Once in place, medicines including a local anesthetic and sometimes a narcotic are given through the needle, and then the needle is removed
b.entire process usually takes anywhere from 5 to 20 minutes
c. entire process usually take from 10 to 25 minutes
A AND B
TRUE OR FALSE: local anesthesia is administered via injection of anesthetic agents to tissues within and around the operative area
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: local anesthesia is administered via injection of anesthetic agents to tissues within and around the operative area
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: local anesthesia is meant for major surgeries
FALSE
Local anesthesia is indicated for minor surgeries like:
a. excision
b. suturing of superficial lacerations
c. insertion of any material
d. all of the above
d
Examples of topical administration are:
a. cream
b. lotion
c. ointment
d. soap
e. drop of local anesthetic
a to c and e
TRUE OR FALSE: topical administration involves the application of cream, lotion, ointment, or drop of local anesthetic to traumatized skin to relieve pain.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: TOPICAL ADMINISTRATION It can also involve application of these forms to the mucous membranes in the eyes, nose, throat, mouth, urethra, anus, or rectum.
TRUE
Nurse Hoseok is finding a topical administration for his patient. Which of these should he consider?
a. Lidocaine ointment
b. benzocaine
c. EMLA
d. Vicks
A to C
involves injecting the anesthetic directly into the tissues to be treated. It brings the anesthetic into contact with the nerve endings in the area and prevents them from
transmitting nerve impulses to the brain
a. Regional anesthesia
b. local anesthesia
c. topical administration
d. infiltration
D
Local anesthetic is
injected around the nerve that passes through the axilla (armpit) from the shoulder to the arm to numb the feeling in your arm and hand.
a. Interscalene nerve block
b. femoral nerve block
c. bier block
d. axillary nerve block
D
Typically used for surgery of the
elbow, forearm, wrist, or hand.
a. Interscalene nerve block
b. femoral nerve block
c. bier block
d. axillary nerve block
d
Local anesthetic is injected around the nerve block in the neck and used to numb the shoulder and arm.
a. ankle block
b. interscalene nerve block
c. femoral block
d. bier block
B
Typically used for surgery of the shoulder and upper arm.
a. ankle block
b. interscalene nerve block
c. femoral nerve block
d. bier block
b
Local anesthetic is
injected around the nerve block in the upper thigh/groin area to numb the leg from the knee to the hip.
a. Femoral nerve block
b. interscalene block
c. ankle block
d. axillary nerve block
a
Typically used from surgery of the anterior thigh, hip or knee.
a. ankle block
b. axillary nerve block
c. femoral nerve block
d. bier block
Local anesthesia is injected around the ankle to block the five nerve branches that supply sensation to the foot
a. ankle block
b. axillary nerve block
c. femoral nerve block
d. bier block
a
used for surgery of the ankle, foot or toes
a. bier block
b. ankle block
c. interscalene nerve block
d. bier block
b
Local anesthetics are injected intravenously to numb a limb, typically the arm, and then a tourniquet is applied to prevent the anesthetic from leaving the area.
a. bier block
b. ankle block
c. interscalene nerve block
d. femoral nerve block
b
Typically used on surgeries of hand or
arm that last less than an hour.
a. interscalene block
b. bier block
c. femoral nerve block
d. ankle block
b
a significant number of cases of anesthesia-related problems may be due to:
a. patient-related factors
b. anesthesia/procedure-related factors
c. nurse-related factors
a and b
Based on the American Society of anesthesiologists Physical status classification system, what class describes the normal healthy patient with no underlying disease
a. Class I - minimal risk
b. Class IV - high risk
c. Class E- Emergency
a
Based on american society of anestheologist Physical status calssification system, what class describes slight to mild sytemic disease. Neonates. giatrics, obesity
a. Class V - extreme risk
b. Class II - slight risk
c. Class III - moderate risk
B
Based on american society of anestheologist Physical status calssification system, what class describes obvious sytemic disease. Anemia, moderate dehydration, fever, low-grade heart murmur or cardiac disease
a. Class IV - high risk
b. Class V - extreme risk
c. Class III - moderate risk
c
Based on american society of anestheologist Physical status calssification system, what class describes patient has severe, systemic, life-threatening disease, servere dehyrdration, shock, uremia, toxemia, high fever
a. Class I - minimal risk
b. Class IV - high risk
c. Class III - moderate risk
b
Based on american society of anestheologist Physical status calssification system, what class describes moribund, patient will probably die with or without surgery. Advance cases of heart, kidney, liver or endocrine disease; profound shock, severe trauma, pulmonary embolus, terminal malignancy
a. Class V - extreme risk
b. Class IV - high risk
c. Class E - emergency
a
Based on american society of anestheologist Physical status calssification system, what class describes can be attached to each class in case of emergency surgery
a. Class E - emergency
b. Class I - minimal risk
c. Class II - slight risk
A
Patient related or procedure related: Nutritional status of the client
patient
Patient related or procedure related: Respiratory, cardio, hepatic, and renal status of the client
patient
Patient related or procedure related: Extreme age (too young-under 8 years old and too old-more than 65 years old
patient
Patient related or procedure related: Circulatory status
patient
Patient related or procedure related: Allergies
patient
Patient related or procedure related: Chronic use of alcohol, cigarette, and other substances
patient
Patient related or procedure related: On medication maintenance
patient
patient related or procedure related: Type of anesthesia to be used (general anesthesia have a higher risk than regional and local anesthesia);
procedure
patient related or procedure related:Urgency of the procedure (an immediate/emergency procedure has a higher risk than elective procedures)
procedure
patient related or procedure related:Length of the procedure (the longer the procedure, the more anesthesia is used, the higher the risk)
procedure
patient related or procedure related:Involvement of more body parts (the more tissues/organs involved, the higher the risk
procedure
all are complications of anesthesia use except?
a. Cardiac problems like myocardial infarction (MI)
b. Respiratory problems like pneumonia, apnea (temporary loss of respiration), and pulmonary embolism
c. Renal problems like renal insufficiency and failure
d.Neurological problems like temporary-permanent cognitive dysfunction
e. Development of some allergies
f. Death
NONE OF THE ABOVE
