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Biochemistry > BCH > Flashcards

BCH Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of carbohydrates

A

√source of energy
√Intermediates in the biosynthesis of starch and protein
√form structural tissues in plants and microorganisms (cellulose etc)
√modulates the immune system

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2
Q

Examples of polysaccharides

A

—homopolysaccharide
—heteropolysaccharide
—complex carbohydrates

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3
Q

Importance of carbohydrates

A
  • Metabolic/ nutritional
  • Structural
  • Communication
  • Biosynthesis of other compounds
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4
Q

3 carbons

A

Triose

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5
Q

4 carbons

A

Tetrose

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6
Q

5 carbons

A

Pentose

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7
Q

6 carbons

A

Hexose

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8
Q

Enantiomers

A

Mirror images of each other.

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9
Q

Examples of enantiomers

A

D and L fructose

D and L glucose

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10
Q

Examples of hyarulonate

A

Antibiotics

Proteoglycans

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11
Q

Epimers

A

Differ only in the position of the carboxyl group on the carbon 4 e.g glyceraldehide

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12
Q

3 types of sugar acids formed by aldoses

A
  • Uronic acids
  • Aldonic acids
  • Saccharic acids
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13
Q

Oxidation of aldose at the primary alcohol is

A

Uronic acid

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14
Q

Oxidation of aldose at the carbonyl carbon is

A

Aldonic acid

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15
Q

Oxidation of aldose at both the primary alcohol and the carbonyl carbon is

A

Saccharic acid

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16
Q

What are amino sugars

A

Amino sugars are sugars formed by substitution of an amino group of sugar

17
Q

Common examples of amino sugars

A

Galactosamine

Glucosamine

18
Q

SUGARS WITH CORRESPONDING ALCOHOLS:

Glyceraldehyde

A

Glycerol

19
Q

Glucose

A

Glucitol

20
Q

Mannose

A

Mannitol

21
Q

Fructose

A

Sorbitol

22
Q

Galactose

A

Dulcitol

23
Q

Ribose

A

Ribitol

24
Q

Erythrose

A

Erithritol

25
Q

Xylose

A

Xylitol

26
Q

Lactose

A

Lactitol

27
Q

Maltose

A

Maltitol

28
Q

Examples of homopolysaccharides ( polymers of same type of polysaccharides)

A

Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose

29
Q

Examples of heteropolysaccharides (polymers of different types of polysaccharides)

A

Mucopolysaccharides

Agar

30
Q

Physical properties of monosaccharides

A

Crystalline form

Solubility

31
Q

Chemical properties of monosaccharides

A

Oxidation reactions

Reduction

32
Q

Physiological properties of monosaccharides

A

Nutritive value
Sweetness
Absorption

33
Q

Examples of glycosidases

A

Amygdalin

Laetrile

Biochemistry (11 decks)

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