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BC Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Stresses

Pulls the material apart.

p. 68

A

tension/tensile stress

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2
Q

Stresses

Squeezes the material

p. 68

A

Compression/Compressive stress

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3
Q

Stresses

Slides one plane of a material past an adjacent plane.

p. 68

A

Shear

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4
Q

Point at which a material ceases to perform satisfactorily.

p. 69

A

Failure point

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5
Q

Ratio of the failure point of a material to the maximum design stress.

p. 69

A

Factor of Safety

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6
Q

Load Types

A ___________ load is fixed in location and quantifiable. For example, a building’s permanent structural elements.

p. 70

A

Dead Load

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7
Q

Load Types

A ________ load is not fixed or permanent. These loads are often not precisely quantifiable.

p. 70

A

Live load

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8
Q

Load Classification

_______ loads are steady or applied gradually.

p. 70

A

Static Loads

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9
Q

Load Classification

_________ loads involve motion and are capable of delivering energy greater than their weight.

p. 71

A

Dynamic Loads

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10
Q

Examples of Dynamic Loads

(6)

p. 79

A
  • Wind
  • Moving vehicles
  • Earthquakes
  • Vibration
  • Falling objects
  • Emergency or maintenance work
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11
Q

__________ loads produce highly localized forces and non-uniform loads in the supporting structure.

p. 72

A

Concentrated loads

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12
Q

Water at a depth of 3” adds a static load of _____ pounds per square foot.

p.73

A

21 pounds

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13
Q

In designing buildings to withstand wind forced, _________ pressure is used as the primary consideration.

p. 73

A

Direct Pressure

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14
Q

The typical ‘life span’ of a building.

p. 74

A

50 years

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15
Q

_________ loads are the most significant force generated by an earthquake.

p. 76

A

Lateral loads

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16
Q

Structural Accommodations for Seismic Activity

Three typs of building accomoddations:

p. 76

A
  • Expansion Joints
  • Dampening Mechanisms
  • Base isolation
17
Q

Dampening Mechanisms are typically installed between:

p.76

A

Collumns and beams

18
Q

Two types of base isolation methods:

p. 77

A

Shear systems -Elastomeric bearings between building and foundation

and

Sliding system - plates slide on each other; less common.

19
Q

Structural Stiffening Accomodations

Two types of structural stiffening strategies used to harden a structure:

p. 77

A
  • Shear walls & cross bracing
  • Structural support redundancy
20
Q

The pressure exerted by soil against a foundation is called:

p. 78

A

Active soli pressure

21
Q

The force of the foundation against the soil is known as:

p.78

A

Passive soil pressure

22
Q

A _________ is a structural member that carries a load perpendicular to its longitudinal dimension:

p. 79

23
Q

The primary design consideration of beams is:

p. 79

A

Their ability to resist being deformed from applied loads.

24
Q

Supported beneath both ends and free to rotate. A wood joist resting on a masonary wall is an example of a:

p. 79

A

Simply supported beam

25
Q

Rigidly supported at each end. Under a fire condition a _____________ beam may retain it’s load-bearing ability longer than a simply supported beam.

p. 79

A

Restrained beam

26
Q

Supported at one end; must be able to support a vertical load in addition to resisting bending stress:

p. 79

A

Canilever beam

27
Q

Similar to cantilever beams but with additional support:

p. 79

A

Overhanging beams

28
Q

Beam that may span several supports:

p. 79

A

Continuous beam

29
Q

The center horizontal line of the beam’s web is known as __________ because the tension and compression stresses are at zero.

Also the maximum point of shear stress.

p. 79

A

Neutral axis

30
Q

__________ are structural components designed to support an axial load.

p. 80

31
Q

Tall, thin columns fail by:

p. 80

32
Q

Short, squat columns fail by:

p. 80

33
Q

_________ are framed structural units made up of a group of triangles in one plane:

p. 82

34
Q

__________ are three-dimensional truss structures. Well-suited to support uniformly distributed loads.

p. 84

A

Space Frames

35
Q

___________ walls carry compressive loads and provide lateral support.

p. 84

A

Load-bearing

36
Q

Steel Studs are placed _____ to _____ inches apart.

p. 84

A

12 to 16 inches

37
Q

A _________ structural system is charecterized by columns and beams reinforced to transmit bending stress through the joints.

p. 86

A

Rigid frame

38
Q

Because of the high stress load at the connection between the concrete slab and column, the intersection is usually reinforced by:

p. 87

A

a capital or drop panel

BC (15 decks)

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