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BB LEMAR NOTES (P1-P3) Flashcards

1
Q

humans have ___ pairs of autosome and ___ set of chromosomes, females (xx) and males (xy), giving a total of __ chromosomes in diploid cells.

A

22 ; 1 ; 46

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2
Q

classical principles of inheritance defined by the moravian monk _______ in 1866

A

GREGOR MENDEL

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3
Q

classical principles of inheritance:

1st law of genetics (________) stated that hereditary characteristics are determined by particulate units (presently called _____) that occur in an individual as pairs (diploid), but in the formation of _______ they segregate so the gamete contains only one member of the pair (____)

A

LAW OF SEGREGATION ; GENES ; GAMETES/GERM CELLS ; HAPLOID

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4
Q

2nd law (_______) stated that the particulate units (genes) that determine diff. characteristics are inherited independently of other units (if the genes are close to one another on chromosome, they’ll be inherited together)

A

LAW OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT

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5
Q

Chemical basis of heredity and the carrier of genetic infos for all organism

A

DNA

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6
Q

Structure of DNA: ______ which consists of what?

A

double helix of polymers of nucleotides, each consisting of one of the nitrogen-containing bases (Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine), Sugar Deoxyribose, and Phosphate

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7
Q

Nucleic Acid that controls protein synthesis in all living cells.

A

RNA

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8
Q

RNA has three diff. types and all are derived from the info encoded in the DNA of the cell. What are the 3?

A

Messenger RNA, Transfer RNA, Ribosomal RNA

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9
Q

type of RNA that carries the code for specific amino acid sequences from the DNA to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis

A

mRNA

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10
Q

type of RNA that carries the amino acid groups to the ribosome for protein synthesis

A

tRNA

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11
Q

type of RNA which exists within the ribosomes, thought to assist in protein synthesis

A

rRNA

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12
Q

refers to individual’s actual genetic makeup

A

GENOTYPE

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13
Q

refers to outward expression of genes (e.g., blood type); on blood cells, serologically demonstrable antigens

A

Phenotype

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14
Q

1 of 2 or more diff. genes that may occupy a specific locus on a chromosome

A

Allele

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15
Q

Possessing a pair of identical alleles

A

Homozygous

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16
Q

Possessing different alleles at a given gene locus

A

Heterozygous

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17
Q

Trait or characteristic that will be expressed in the offspring even though it is carried on only one of the homologous chromosome.

A

Dominant

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18
Q

Type of gene that, in the presence of its dominant allele, does not express itself; expression occurs when it is inherited in the ____________ state.

A

RECESSIVE ; homozygous state

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19
Q

Gene that does not appear to produce a detectable antigen; a silent gene, such as ___, ___, ___

A

AMORPH ; Jk, Lu, O

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20
Q

(CHROMOSOMAL LOCATIONS OF MAJOR BLOOD GROUP SYSTEMS)

CHROMOSOME: 1
LOCUS: ?

A

Rh, Duffy

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21
Q

(CHROMOSOMAL LOCATIONS OF MAJOR BLOOD GROUP SYSTEMS)

CHROMOSOME: 4
LOCUS: ?

A

MNS

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22
Q

(CHROMOSOMAL LOCATIONS OF MAJOR BLOOD GROUP SYSTEMS)

CHROMOSOME: 7
LOCUS: ?

A

KELL

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23
Q

(CHROMOSOMAL LOCATIONS OF MAJOR BLOOD GROUP SYSTEMS)

CHROMOSOME: 9
LOCUS: ?

A

ABO

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24
Q

(CHROMOSOMAL LOCATIONS OF MAJOR BLOOD GROUP SYSTEMS)

CHROMOSOME: 18
LOCUS: ?

A

KIDD

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25
(CHROMOSOMAL LOCATIONS OF MAJOR BLOOD GROUP SYSTEMS) CHROMOSOME: 19 LOCUS: ?
Lewis, Lutheran, H
26
(CHROMOSOMAL LOCATIONS OF MAJOR BLOOD GROUP SYSTEMS) CHROMOSOME: 22 LOCUS: ?
P1
27
Who discovered the ABO blood groups and explained the serious reactions that occur in humans as a result of incompatible transfusions.
KARL LANDSTEINER (1901)
28
Who carried out vein-vein transfusion of blood by using multiple syringes and a special cannula for puncturing the vein through the skin.
EDWARD E. LINDEMANN
29
Who reported the use of sodium citrate as an anticoagulant solution for transfusions
HUSTIN (1914)
30
Who determined the minimum amount of citrate needed for anticoagulation and demonstrated its nontoxicity in small amounts.
LEWISOHN (1915)
31
Who introduced citrate dextrose solution for the preservation of blood
ROUS AND TURNER (1916)
32
Who developed techniques in blood transfusion and blood preservation
DR. CHARLES DREW
33
The director of the 1st american red cross blood bank at presbyterian hospital
DR. CHARLES DREW
34
Who introduced the formula for preservative ACID-CITRATE-DEXTROSE
LOUITIT AND MOLLISON (1943)
35
Who introduced an improved preservative solution called CITRATE-PHOSPHATE-DEXTROSE (CPD), which was less acidic and eventually replaced ACD as the standard preservative used for blood storage.
GIBSON (1957)
36
Who discovered blood group "AB"
Alfred Von Decastello and Adriano Sturli in 1902.
37
Who discovered the use of sodium phosphate?
Braxton Hicks
38
(ABO FORWARD GROUPING/DIRECT TYPING) BLOOD GROUP: A Reaction with Anti-A: ? Reaction with Anti-B: ?
Anti-A: + Anti-B: -
39
(ABO FORWARD GROUPING/DIRECT TYPING) BLOOD GROUP: B Reaction with Anti-A: ? Reaction with Anti-B: ?
Anti-A: - Anti-B: +
40
(ABOD FORWARD GROUPING/DIRECT TYPING) BLOOD GROUP: AB Reaction with Anti-A: ? Reaction with Anti-B: ?
Anti-A: + Anti-B: +
41
(ABOD FORWARD GROUPING/DIRECT TYPING) BLOOD GROUP: O Reaction with Anti-A: ? Reaction with Anti-B: ?
Anti-A: - Anti-B: -
42
(ABO REVERSE GROUPING/BACK TYPING) BLOOD GROUP: A Reaction with A cells: ? Reaction with B cells: ?
A cells: - B cells: +
43
(ABO REVERSE GROUPING/BACK TYPING) BLOOD GROUP: B Reaction with A cells: ? Reaction with B cells: ?
A cells: + B cells: -
44
(ABO REVERSE GROUPING/BACK TYPING) BLOOD GROUP: AB Reaction with A cells: ? Reaction with B cells: ?
A cells: - B cells: -
45
(ABO REVERSE GROUPING/BACK TYPING) BLOOD GROUP: O Reaction with A cells: ? Reaction with B cells: ?
A cells: + B cells: +
46
(GRADING AGGLUTINATION REACTIONS) All erythrocytes are combined into one SOLID AGGREGATE; clear supernatant.
GRADE: 4+
47
(GRADING AGGLUTINATION REACTIONS) SEVERAL LARGE AGGREGATES; some free erythrocytes; clear supernatant.
GRADE: 3+
48
(GRADING AGGLUTINATION REACTIONS) MEDIUM-SIZED AGGREGATES; some free erythrocytes; clear supernatant.
2+
49
(GRADING AGGLUTINATION REACTIONS) A few SMALL AGGREGATES just visible macroscopically; many free erythrocytes; turbid and reddish supernatant.
1+
50
(GRADING AGGLUTINATION REACTIONS) TINY AGGREGATES barely visible macroscopically; many free erythrocytes; turbid and reddish supernatant.
WEAK (±)
51
(GRADING AGGLUTINATION REACTIONS) Few isolated aggregates ; MOSTLY FREE-FLOATING CELLS; supernatant appears red.
MIXED FIELD
52
(GRADING AGGLUTINATION REACTIONS) No aggregates
NEGATIVE
53
In 1985, ________ of Lyon, France, developed the gel test.
DR. YVES LAPIERRE
54
Based on the controlled centrifugation of RBCs through a DEXTRAN-ACRYLAMIDE GEL that contains predispensed reagents.
GEL TECHNOLOGY
55
Principle of Gel Technology
Hemagglutination
56
Incubation for Gel Technology, how many minutes?
15 minutes
57
Centrifugation for Gel Technology, how many minutes?
10 minutes
58
Major Advantage of Gel Technology
Standardization since there is n tube shaking to resuspend the RBC button.
59
Major Disadavantage of Gel Technology
sample restrictions and the need for special equipment such as centrifuge, incubator, pipette.
60
(GEL TECHNOLOGY GRADING REACTIONS) Solid band of agglutinated red cells at the top of the gel column. Usually no red cells are visible in the bottom of the microtube.
4+
61
(GEL TECHNOLOGY GRADING REACTIONS) Predominant amount of agglutinated red cells towards the top of the gel column with a few agglutinates staggered below the thicker band. The majority of agglutinates are observed in the top half of the gel column.
3+
62
(GEL TECHNOLOGY GRADING REACTIONS) Red cell agglutinates disperesed throughout the gel column with few agglutinates at the bottom of the microtubes. Agglutinates should be distributed though the upper and lower halves of the gel.
2+
63
(GEL TECHNOLOGY GRADING REACTIONS) Red cell agglutinates predominantly observed in the lower half of the gel column with red cells also in the bottom. These reactions may be weak, with a few agglutinates remaining in the gel area just above the red cell pallet in the bottom of the microtube.
1+
64
(GEL TECHNOLOGY GRADING REACTIONS) Red cells forming a well-delineated pellet in the bottom of the microtube. The gel above the red cells pellet is clear and free of agglutinates.
NEGATIVE
65
(GEL TECHNOLOGY GRADING REACTIONS) Layer of red cell agglutinates at the top of the gel column accompanied by a pellet of unagglutinated cells in the bottom of the microtube.
Mixed-Field
66
how many days is the reactions (for gel technology) stable for observation or review?
2 - 3 days

BLOOD BANK SEM (4 decks)

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