BB LEMAR NOTES (ABO DISCREPANCIES) Flashcards
Common sources of technical errors resulting in abo discrepancies: (4-1)
- Incorrect or inadequate ID of blood specimen, test tube, or slides.
- Cell suspension either too heavy or too light.
- Clerical errors or incorrect recording of results.
- A mix-up in samples.
Common sources of technical errors resulting in abo discrepancies: (4-2)
- Missed observation of hemolysis.
- Failure to add reagents.
- Failure to add sample.
- Failure to follow manufacturer’s instructions.
Common sources of technical errors resulting in abo discrepancies: (4-3)
- Uncalibrated centrifuge.
- Overcentrifugation or undercentrifugation.
- Contaminated reagents.
- Warming during centrifugation.
ABO discrepancy with unexpected reactions in the reverse grouping due to weakly reacting or missing antibodies.
GROUP 1 DISCREPANCIES
ABO discrepancy more common that those other groups listed.
Group 1 discrepancies
WHAT DISCREPANCY IS THIS UNDER?
Newborns and Elderly PX
Group 1
WHAT DISCREPANCY IS THIS UNDER?
PX with a leukemia or lymphona demonstrating hypogammaglobulinemia
Group 1
WHAT DISCREPANCY IS THIS UNDER?
PX using immunosuppresive drugs that yield hypogammaglobulinemia
G-1
WHAT DISCREPANCY IS THIS UNDER?
PX with congenital or acquired agammaglobulinemia or immunodeficiency diseases
G-1
WHAT DISCREPANCY IS THIS UNDER?
PX with bone marrow or stem cell transplantations
G-1
WHAT DISCREPANCY IS THIS UNDER?
PX whose existing ABO antibodies may have been diluted by plasma transfusion or exchange transfusion
G-1
WHAT DISCREPANCY IS THIS UNDER?
ABO subgroups
G-1
G-1 DISCREPANCY RESOLUTION
- wait in room temp: 15 to 30 mins
A discrepancy that has unexpected reactions in the forward grouping due to weakly reacting or missing antigens
G2 Discrepancies
The least frequently encountered discrepancy
G2 discrepancy
WHAT DISCREPANCY IS THIS UNDER?
Subgroups of A or B may be present.
G-2
WHAT DISCREPANCY IS THIS UNDER?
Leukemias may yield weakened A or B antigens, and Hodgkin’s disease has been reported in some cases to mimic the depression of antigens found in leukemia.
G-2
WHAT DISCREPANCY IS THIS UNDER?
Acquired B phenomenon will show weak reactions with anti-B antisera and is most often associated with diseases of the digestive tract (e.g cancer of the colon)
G-2
resolution for g2 discrepancy
Use monoclonal AB
These discrepancies between forward and reverse groupings that are caused by protein or plasma abnormalities and result in rouleaux formation or pseudoagglutination
G3 discrepancies
WHAT DISCREPANCY IS THIS UNDER?
Elevated levels of globulin from certain disease states, such as multiple myeloma, Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia, other plasma cell dyscrasias, and certain moderately advanced cases of Hodgkin’s lymphomas.
G-3
WHAT DISCREPANCY IS THIS UNDER?\
Elevated levels of fibrinogen.
G-3
WHAT DISCREPANCY IS THIS UNDER?
Plasma expanders, such as dextran and polyvinylpyrrolidone.
G3
WHAT DISCREPANCY IS THIS UNDER?
Wharton’s jelly in cord blood samples.
G-3
G3 discrepancy resolution
Wash red cell 2-3x
Wasch cord cell 6-8x
Add drop of NSS
These discrepancies between forward and reverse groupings are due to miscellaneous problems.
GROUP 4
WHAT DISCREPANCY IS THIS UNDER?
Cold reactive autoantibodies in which RBCs are so heavily coated with antibody that they spontaneously agglutinate
G-4
WHAT DISCREPANCY IS THIS UNDER?
PX has circulating RBCs of more than one ABO group due to RBC transfusion or marrow/stem cell transplant
G-4
WHAT DISCREPANCY IS THIS UNDER?
Unexpected ABO isoagglutinins
G-4
WHAT DISCREPANCY IS THIS UNDER?
Unexpected non-ABO alloantibodies
G-4
