BB, Alpha 1 Blocker, Alpha 2 Blocker, And Direct Vasodilators

Question 1

What can beta blockers be used for?

Answer 1

HTN, ischemic heart disease, arrhythmias, endocrine and neurological disorders, glaucoma, anxiety

Question 2

What do BB antagonize?

Answer 2

Catecholemines at beta adrenoreceptors

Question 3

How do BB afffect AV node?

Answer 3

Slow conduction

Question 4

What is a 1st gen BB

Answer 4

Non selective, propranolol

Question 5

What is 2nd gen BB

Answer 5

Beta 1, atenolol

Question 6

What is 3rd gen BB

Answer 6

Beta 1 and vasodilators like carvedilol

Question 7

Which BB can be used for glaucoma

Answer 7

Carteolol and timolol

Question 8

Which BB is long acting

Answer 8

Nadolol

Question 9

Which BB is short acting

Answer 9

Esmolol

Question 10

What are the non ISA Bags

Answer 10

Atenolol, metoprolol, nadolol, propranolol, Carvedilol

Question 11

What arrhythmia can BB cause

Answer 11

Nodal conduction block and bradycardia

Question 12

How does BB affect glucose?

Answer 12

It can lead to hypoglycemia

Question 13

Which BB class is better for patients with diabetes

Answer 13

3rd gen

Question 14

How should you DC BB

Answer 14

By weaning slowly

Question 15

Which antacids affect BB

Answer 15

Aluminum and magnesium reduce absorption of BB

Question 16

What can happen with abrupt withdrawal from BB

Answer 16

Life threatening arrhythmias HTN, and myocardial ischemia

Question 17

Where do alpha one antagonists work

Answer 17

Post synaptic alpha 1 receptor sites

Question 18

How do alpha 1 antagonists affect vascular resistance

Answer 18

Decreased peripheral vascular resistance

Question 19

When are alpha 1 blockers considered in HTN

Answer 19

Second or third line add on with poor BP control on other drugs

Question 20

How do alpha blockers affect insulin

Answer 20

Decreases insulin resistance

Question 21

What are the selective alpha 1 adrenergic antagonists used in HTN

Answer 21

Prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin

Question 22

What else are selective alpha 1 antagonists useful in

Answer 22

BPH

Question 23

Which Alpha 1 has the longest half life

Answer 23

Doxazosin

Question 24

Which alpha 1 has the highest bioavailability

Answer 24

Terazosin

Question 25

Which pt cannot take alpha 1 blockers

Answer 25

Cataract surgery, hepatic dysfunction, HF, angina

Question 26

What can happen when alpha blockers are used with NSAIDs

Answer 26

Fluid retention

Question 27

What are common alpha blockers side effects

Answer 27

Tachycardia, dyspnea, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension , nasal congestion, ED,

Question 28

How should alpha blockers be given

Answer 28

Titrated up slowly and give at bedtime

Question 29

Which alpha blocker should be taken 30 min after meals

Answer 29

Tamsulosin

Question 30

What are the centrally acting alpha 2 agonists used in HTN

Answer 30

Clonidine, methyldopa

Question 31

How do alpha 2 agonists work

Answer 31

Stimulate CNS , inhibit cardiac stimulation and vasoconstriction and reduce CNS sympathetic flow and decrease peripheral vascular resistance

Question 32

How should Clonidine be discontinued

Answer 32

Slowly over a week to avoid HTN

Question 33

When is Clonidine contraindicated

Answer 33

MI, SA nose dysfunction, chronic renal failure

Question 34

When should methyldopa be avoided

Answer 34

Cirrhosis

Question 35

What are the AEs of Clonidine

Answer 35

Drowsiness, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, dry eye. REBOUND HTN

Question 36

What affects can methyldopa cause

Answer 36

Anemia, and hepatic necrosis

Question 37

What are the two peripherally acting alpha 2 agonists

Answer 37

Guanethidine, and reserpine

Question 38

What med is useful for secondary HTN renal artery stenosis

Answer 38

Guanethidine

Question 39

What are the two peripheral dilators used for HTN

Answer 39

Hydralazine, minoxidil

Question 40

Hdralyzine dilates ____

Answer 40

Arteries and arterioles

Question 41

Why should hydralazine be given with a diuretic

Answer 41

It increases water retention

Question 42

How should hydralazine be dosed

Answer 42

With food

Question 43

Minoxidil dilates ___

Answer 43

Peripheral arterioles

Question 44

What is minoxidil given with?

Answer 44

BB or diuretic

Question 45

T or F minoxidil causes orthostatic HTN

Answer 45

F